Invisible Long Arm Illusion: Illusory Body Ownership by Synchronous Movement of Hands and Feet

Kondo, Ryota; Ueda, Sachiyo; Sugimoto, Maki; Minamizawa, Kouta; İnami, Masahiko; Kitazaki, Michiteru

doi:10.2312/egve.20181310

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, because some scholars have reported that BO and self-location drift are independent phenomena (Abdulkarim and Ehrsson, 2016;Matsumiya, 2019), it is necessary to measure them using questionnaires for each of the left and right halves or with other measurements, such as the skin conductance response. In addition, although BO was generated in the split body, it is unclear whether the empty space between the left and right split bodies was perceived as one's own body, as in our previous studies Kondo and Ueda, 2018;Kondo et al, 2020). Thus, it is still unclear whether the split body was perceived as one body, including the empty space, or whether only the split body was perceived as one's own body.…”

Section: Limitationmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…BO is also generated when body continuity is lost due to the disappearance of all except hands and feet Kondo and Ueda., 2018;Kondo et al, 2020) or the disappearance of the tip of a virtual arm (Kilteni et al, 2016). In our previous studies Kondo and Ueda, 2018;Kondo et al, 2020), when only hands and feet were synchronized with a participant's movement, an invisible body was perceived between the hands and feet and BO was generated in that space. When the position of the hands and feet was randomized, the ownership of the invisible body was lost, but the ownership of the hands and feet remained (Kondo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Body Continuitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, BO may have decreased due to the body being too far from the left and right, which did not complement body continuity. The invisible body studies in which an invisible body between hands and feet was complemented and perceived from the synchronous movements of only hands and feet Kondo and Ueda, 2018;Kondo et al, 2020) and the study in which BO equivalent to that of connected body parts was induced by hiding disconnected body parts with objects (Tieri et al, 2015) suggest the relevance of the complementation of body continuity.…”

Section: Effects Of Body Splitting On Bo and Soamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Split body: Extending self-location by splitting a body left and right

Kondo

Sugimoto²

2022

Front. Virtual Real.

Self Cite

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Is it possible to feel part of one’s own body even when the body part is separated from the body? If so, we could exist in different locations by splitting the self-body and using our body in each location. In a study in which the illusion that two bodies are one’s own body was induced using virtual reality (VR), the participants felt as if they were at two locations through the two bodies. However, this illusion was weak and reported only subjectively. We hypothesized that this was because two presented bodies moved synchronously with one participant’s movement or the simultaneous stroking of one participant’s body and two presented bodies switched their attention and weakened body ownership. In this study, we investigated whether splitting one body into left and right in VR could induce body ownership and extend the self-location while maintaining a one-to-one correspondence between the participant’s body and the presented body. The results showed that weaker body ownership was induced in the split body than in the normal body and self-location was extended to the right side of the body. The participants did not report a sense of having more than one body but reported a sense of body spreading, suggesting that the split bodies were perceived as a single body extending to the right side.

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