Invited review: Microbe-mediated aflatoxin decontamination of dairy products and feeds

Abstract

Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus nomius contaminate corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, tree nuts, figs, ginger, nutmeg, and milk. They produce aflatoxins, especially aflatoxin B, which is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Many studies have focused on aflatoxin removal from food or feed, especially via microbe-mediated mechanisms-either adsorption or degradation. Of the lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG efficiently binds aflatoxin B, and a peptidoglycan in the bacterium cell wall plays an important role. This ability of L. rhamnosus GG should be applied to the removal of aflatoxin B. Aflatoxin can be removed using other aflatoxin-degrading microorganisms, including bacterial and fungal strains. This review explores microbe-associated aflatoxin decontamination, which may be used to produce aflatoxin-free food or feed.

Immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Perlite Beads for the Decontamination of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk

“…JFDS-2017-0976 Submitted 6/16/2017, Accepted 2/7/2018 Owing to the harmful impact of AFs on human health, it is necessary to prevent the formation of AFs, ensure their separation from food, or render them inactive in food and feed products (Jouany, 2007). Decades of research have introduced several strategies in removing or inactivating AFs in products, including physical (Herzallah, Alshawabkeh, & Fataftah, 2008;Sun et al, 2016) and chemical treatments (Méndez-Albores, Del Río-García, & Moreno-Martinez, 2007;Xiong, Hj, & Lt, 2012) as well as biological decontamination through microorganisms or enzymes (Adebo, Njobeh, Gbashi, Nwinyi, & Mavumengwana, 2015;Fruhauf, Schwartz, Ottner, Krska, & Vekiru, 2012;Kim et al, 2016).…”

Degradation of aflatoxin B1 from naturally contaminated maize using the edible fungus Pleurotus ostreatus

“…Methods involving the use of fungi that secrete non-selective, ligninolytic enzymes are among the most promising biological decontamination strategies studied thus far (Kim et al 2017). Motomura et al (2003) isolated an unidentified enzyme from Pleurotus ostreatus that reduced the fluorescence of AFB 1 and attributed this to the disruption of its lactone ring that plays an important role in carcinogenicity.…”

A novel method for elimination of aflatoxin M1 in milk using Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG biofilm

“…We have previously reported that several viable or heat-killed Lactobacillus species can efficiently bind AFM1 (Assaf et al 2018a). It is noteworthy to mention that different cell wall components such as polysaccharides and peptidoglycans were thought to be involved in mycotoxins binding (Shetty and Jespersen 2006;Kim et al 2017). Hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals interactions were previously reported to be implicated in this binding (Shetty and Jespersen 2006;Yiannikouris et al 2006).…”