Invited Review: Polycomb group genes in the regeneration of the healthy and pathological skeletal muscle

Marino, Silvia; Foggia, Valentina Di

doi:10.1111/nan.12290

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(222 reference statements)

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“…In addition, SkM lineage-specific hypomethylation, less extensive hypermethylation [8,10], and 5-hydroxymethylation [11] of DNA are seen. Moreover, SkM-specific repressor chromatin [20], non-coding RNAs [9], changes in signal transduction pathways [11,21], and post-translational modifications of non-histone proteins, including MYOD1 [1,22], are essential to forming and maintaining SkM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle-Associated Genes in the ASB, LRRC, TMEM, and OSBPL Gene Families

2020

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Much remains to be discovered about the intersection of tissue-specific transcription control and the epigenetics of skeletal muscle (SkM), a very complex and dynamic organ. From four gene families, Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing (LRRC), Oxysterol Binding Protein Like (OSBPL), Ankyrin Repeat and Socs Box (ASB), and Transmembrane Protein (TMEM), we chose 21 genes that are preferentially expressed in human SkM relative to 52 other tissue types and analyzed relationships between their tissue-specific epigenetics and expression. We also compared their genetics, proteomics, and descriptions in the literature. For this study, we identified genes with little or no previous descriptions of SkM functionality (ASB4, ASB8, ASB10, ASB12, ASB16, LRRC14B, LRRC20, LRRC30, TMEM52, TMEM233, OSBPL6/ORP6, and OSBPL11/ORP11) and included genes whose SkM functions had been previously addressed (ASB2, ASB5, ASB11, ASB15, LRRC2, LRRC38, LRRC39, TMEM38A/TRIC-A, and TMEM38B/TRIC-B). Some of these genes have associations with SkM or heart disease, cancer, bone disease, or other diseases. Among the transcription-related SkM epigenetic features that we identified were: super-enhancers, promoter DNA hypomethylation, lengthening of constitutive low-methylated promoter regions, and SkM-related enhancers for one gene embedded in a neighboring gene (e.g., ASB8-PFKM, LRRC39-DBT, and LRRC14B-PLEKHG4B gene-pairs). In addition, highly or lowly co-expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes probably regulate several of these genes. Our findings give insights into tissue-specific epigenetic patterns and functionality of related genes in a gene family and can elucidate normal and disease-related regulation of gene expression in SkM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle-Associated Genes in the ASB, LRRC, TMEM, and OSBPL Gene Families

2020

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“…In addition, SkM lineage-specific hypomethylation, less extensive hypermethylation [8, 10], and 5-hydroxymethylation [11] of DNA are seen. Moreover, SkM-specific repressor chromatin [20], non-coding RNAs [9], changes in signal transduction pathways [11, 21] and post-translational modifications of non-histone proteins, including MYOD1 [1, 22] are essential to forming and maintaining SkM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics of skeletal muscle-associated genes in theASB, LRRC, TMEM, andOSBPLgene families

Ehrlich¹,

Lacey

Ehrlich

2019

Preprint

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Much remains to be discovered about the intersection of tissue-specific transcription control and the epigenetics of skeletal muscle (SkM), a very complex and dynamic organ. From four gene families, ASB, LRRC, TMEM, and OSBPL, we chose 21 genes that are preferentially expressed in human SkM relative to 52 other tissue types and analyzed relationships between their tissue-specific epigenetics and expression. We also compared their genetics, proteomics, and descriptions in the literature. For this study, we identified genes with little or no previous descriptions of SkM functionality (ASB4, ASB8, ASB10, ASB12, ASB16, LRRC14B, LRRC20, LRRC30, TMEM52, TMEM233, OSBPL6/ORP6, and OSBPL11/ORP11) and included genes whose SkM functions had been previously addressed (ASB2, ASB5, ASB11, ASB15, LRRC2, LRRC38, LRRC39, TMEM38A/TRIC-A, and TMEM38B/TRIC-B). Among the transcription-related SkM epigenetic features that we identified were super-enhancers, promoter DNA hypomethylation, lengthening of constitutive low-methylated promoter regions, and SkM-related enhancers for one gene embedded in a neighboring gene (e.g., ASB8-PFKM, LRRC39-DBT, and LRRC14B-PLEKHG4B gene-pairs). In addition, highly or lowly co-expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes probably regulate several of these genes. Our findings give insights into tissue-specific epigenetic patterns and functionality of related genes in a gene family and can elucidate normal and disease-related regulation of gene expression in SkM.

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“…Most of Drosophila Polycomb proteins have paralogs in humans [21][22][23]. In mammals, PcG proteins have been shown to play a role in cancer [20,[24][25][26], stem cell biology [17,20,27], X chromosome inactivation [28,29], imprinting [30], and in the situations of stress, ageing, regeneration and healing [31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila DNA-Binding Proteins in Polycomb Repression

2018

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Abstract:The formation of individual gene expression patterns in different cell types is required during differentiation and development of multicellular organisms. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are key epigenetic regulators responsible for gene repression, and dysregulation of their activities leads to developmental abnormalities and diseases. PcG proteins were first identified in Drosophila, which still remains the most convenient system for studying PcG-dependent repression. In the Drosophila genome, these proteins bind to DNA regions called Polycomb response elements (PREs). A major role in the recruitment of PcG proteins to PREs is played by DNA-binding factors, several of which have been characterized in detail. However, current knowledge is insufficient for comprehensively describing the mechanism of this process. In this review, we summarize and discuss the available data on the role of DNA-binding proteins in PcG recruitment to chromatin.

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Invited Review: Polycomb group genes in the regeneration of the healthy and pathological skeletal muscle

Cited by 6 publications

References 125 publications

Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle-Associated Genes in the ASB, LRRC, TMEM, and OSBPL Gene Families

Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle-Associated Genes in the ASB, LRRC, TMEM, and OSBPL Gene Families

Epigenetics of skeletal muscle-associated genes in theASB, LRRC, TMEM, andOSBPLgene families

Drosophila DNA-Binding Proteins in Polycomb Repression

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