Involvement of the Anopheles gambiae Nimrod gene family in mosquito immune responses

Estévez‐Lao, Tania Y.; Hillyer, Julián F.

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.10.008

Cited by 39 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Recently, a new family of phagocytic receptor named Nimrod was identified in Drosophila [9e11] and A. gambiae [12,19]. The members in Nimrod family contain a common structural feature with EGF-like NIM repeats at C-terminal, which can recognize microbial patterns and induce the phagocytosis to engulf and kill these invaders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…rCgNimC was found to mainly bind gram-negative bacteria, not gram-positive bacteria and fungi. In Drosophila, NimC1 could recognize gram-positive bacteria S. aureus [9], but it could recognize both gram positive (S. aureus) and negative (E. coli) bacteria in A. gambiae [19]. And the members of the Nimrod C1 family from Drosophila and A. gambiae exhibited a greater preference for binding gram-positive bacteria S. aureus than that to bind gram-negative bacteria E. coli [9,12,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Drosophila, NimC1 could recognize gram-positive bacteria S. aureus [9], but it could recognize both gram positive (S. aureus) and negative (E. coli) bacteria in A. gambiae [19]. And the members of the Nimrod C1 family from Drosophila and A. gambiae exhibited a greater preference for binding gram-positive bacteria S. aureus than that to bind gram-negative bacteria E. coli [9,12,19]. Previous study revealed that the four N-terminal EGF-like repeats of Eater were involved in the direct recognition of diverse bacteria and displayed higher variation in amino acids and repeat length [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nimrod B subclass members contain one to eight NIM repeats and share a weakly conserved sequence at the amino terminal, but do not contain a transmembrane domain [9]. By contrast, Nimrod C subclass receptors possess multiple NIM repeats and a transmembrane domain [19]. Two Nimrod C, Eater and NimC1 (Nimrod C1), have been characterized, and both of them are expressed in hemocytes and contributed to recognition and phagocytosis of bacteria [5,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A novel phagocytic receptor (CgNimC) from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas with lipopolysaccharide and gram-negative bacteria binding activity

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A novel phagocytic receptor (CgNimC) from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas with lipopolysaccharide and gram-negative bacteria binding activity

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…108 Arthropod-specific receptors include scavenger receptor class C (Sr-C) and the EGF-repeat receptors Eater and Nimrod. 109,110 Hemocytes may also phagocytose fragments of self-tissues, termed autophagy, stimulated by the distinct EGF-repeat receptor Draper, 111,112 an ortholog of Caenorhabditis elegans CED-1 and mammalian MEGF10.…”

Section: Epithelial and Cell-mediated Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod Innate Immune Systems and Vector-Borne Diseases

2017

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Arthropods, especially ticks and mosquitoes, are the vectors for a number of parasitic and viral human diseases, including malaria, sleeping sickness, Dengue, and Zika, yet arthropods show tremendous individual variation in their capacity to transmit disease. A key factor in this capacity is the group of genetically encoded immune factors that counteract infection by the pathogen. Arthropod-specific pattern recognition receptors and protease cascades detect and respond to infection. Proteins such as antimicrobial peptides, thioester-containing proteins, and transglutaminases effect responses such as lysis, phagocytosis, melanization, and agglutination. Effector responses are initiated by damage signals such as reactive oxygen species signaling from epithelial cells and recognized by cell surface receptors on hemocytes. Antiviral immunity is primarily mediated by siRNA pathways but coupled with interferon-like signaling, antimicrobial peptides, and thioester-containing proteins. Molecular mechanisms of immunity are closely linked to related traits of longevity and fertility, and arthropods have the capacity for innate immunological memory. Advances in understanding vector immunity can be leveraged to develop novel control strategies for reducing the rate of transmission of both ancient and emerging threats to global health.

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Sensing microbial infections in the Drosophila melanogaster genetic model organism

Liégeois

Ferrandon

2022

Immunogenetics

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Insects occupy a central position in the biosphere. They are able to resist infections even though they lack an adaptive immune system. Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a potent genetic model to understand innate immunity both in invertebrates and vertebrates. Its immune system includes both humoral and cellular arms. Here, we review how the distinct immune responses are triggered upon sensing infections, with an emphasis on the mechanisms that lead to systemic humoral immune responses. As in plants, the components of the cell wall of microorganisms are detected by dedicated receptors. There is also an induction of the systemic immune response upon sensing the proteolytic activities of microbial virulence factors. The antiviral response mostly relies on sensing double-stranded RNAs generated during the viral infection cycle. This event subsequently triggers either the viral short interfering RNA pathway or a cGAS-like/STING/NF-kB signaling pathway.

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Involvement of the Anopheles gambiae Nimrod gene family in mosquito immune responses

Cited by 39 publications

References 52 publications

A novel phagocytic receptor (CgNimC) from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas with lipopolysaccharide and gram-negative bacteria binding activity

A novel phagocytic receptor (CgNimC) from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas with lipopolysaccharide and gram-negative bacteria binding activity

Arthropod Innate Immune Systems and Vector-Borne Diseases

Sensing microbial infections in the Drosophila melanogaster genetic model organism

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