Involvement of transient receptor potential channels in ocular diseases: a narrative review

Abstract

Background and Objective: Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of functionally diverse and widely expressed cation channels which exhibit complex regulatory patterns and sensitivity to multiple environmental factors. The involvement of these ion channels is critical in various physiological functions and pathophysiological conditions. In recent decades, a growing number of studies have identified the essential role that TRP channels play in many ocular diseases. In this study, we performed a narrative review of research on the expression and function of TRP channels in various eye diseases.Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched for all relevant original papers and reviews published from database inception to January 31, 2022. Searches were conducted using the related keywords 'transient receptor potential channels', 'TRPs', 'Ca 2+ signaling', 'iron channel', 'TRPV4', 'TRPM1', 'retina', 'optic nerve', 'cornea', 'retinal ganglion cells', 'ON-bipolar', 'TRPs and retina', 'TRP channel and retinal ganglion cells', 'TRPs and cornea', 'diabetes', 'glaucoma', 'dry eye disease', 'cataract', 'retinopathy of prematurity', 'retinoblastoma', and 'congenital stationary night blindness'.

The research trends of ferroptosis in diabetes: a bibliometric analysis

“…In the keyword clustering analysis encompassing original studies and reviews, DR has emerged as a significant focus of current investigations. As a critical complication of diabetes, DR poses a substantial risk of visual impairment and blindness, exhibiting severity ranging from non-proliferative DR to proliferative DR ( 62 , 63 ). Moos et al ( 64 ) have demonstrated that PMX500FI, a novel synthetic derivative of α-lipoic acid, exhibits the ability to activate the NRF2 signaling pathway and mitigate oxidative stress.…”

Spotlight on iron and ferroptosis: research progress in diabetic retinopathy

“…Currently, the consensus pervades that DR represents an ocular malady characterized by aberrations within the microvascular and neural frameworks. Prominently, the pathological spectrum encompasses non-proliferative and proliferative manifestations ( 8 , 9 ), all of which commence with the dysfunction of the blood-retina barrier ( 10 , 11 ). The cardinal facets of microangiopathy encompass the perturbation of endothelial cells and pericyte architecture, while neuropathy predominantly culminates in neuronal demise ( 8 , 9 ).…”

“…Prominently, the pathological spectrum encompasses non-proliferative and proliferative manifestations ( 8 , 9 ), all of which commence with the dysfunction of the blood-retina barrier ( 10 , 11 ). The cardinal facets of microangiopathy encompass the perturbation of endothelial cells and pericyte architecture, while neuropathy predominantly culminates in neuronal demise ( 8 , 9 ). Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) chiefly materializes through escalated vascular permeability, engendering the ingress of substantial volumes of fluid, lipid peroxides, and an array of inflammatory mediators into the retinal milieu, thereby provoking macular edema.…”

“…Hence, safeguarding the microenvironment of the retina necessitates an imperative isolation from systemic circulation coupled with stringent defense mechanisms. Mirroring the paradigm of the blood-brain barrier, the blood-retina barrier (BRB) assumes a pivotal role in shielding the retina from systemic inflammatory elements and fluctuations in plasma composition ( 8 , 9 ) ( Figure 1 ). A bulwark for retinal integrity, the BRB is discernibly partitioned into the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB) and the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB).…”

“…Moreover, the melanin harbored by the RPE adeptly captures iron ions, effectively shielding the retina against oxidative damage ( 14 , 17 ). Conversely, the iBRB emerges as an amalgamation of the neurovascular unit (NVU), an architectonic ensemble instrumental in regulating the stability of the retinal microenvironment ( 9 ).…”