Iodine Deficiency, Implications for Mental and Psychomotor Development in Children1

Bleichrodt, N.; Rey, Francisco Escobar del; Escobar, Gabriella Morreale de; García, Isabel García; Rubio, Carmen

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0765-5_25

Cited by 52 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thus, despite the universal dietary salt iodization, breastfeeding women in our sample appeared more vulnerable on iodine nutrition status. The higher prevalence of suboptimal status of iodine nutrition among lactating mothers should be a concern, because of the association between sub clinical iodine deficiency in lactating mothers and the potential risk of abnormal brain development in breast-fed infants [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Status of Breastfed Infants and their Mothers after Sixteen Years of Universal Dietary Salt Iodization Program in Dosso, Niger

Sadou¹,

Moussa²,

Alma³

et al. 2013

TONUTRJ

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Abstract:Introduction: Universal dietary salt iodization (UDSI) was implemented in Niger in 1996. However, since 2000 there was a slowdown in progress against iodine deficiency. Objective:The objective was to assess iodine nutritional status of infants and their lactating mothers living in Dosso, the state capital of a severe iodine deficiency region in Niger. Methods:The study was centered on 238 full-term infants and their mothers. Some of the data collected were: arm circumference (AC), head circumference (HC) of infant; familial thyroid disease history; the infant feeding method; age of the mother and child; parity, occupation and educational level of the mother.Results: In infants, the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) ranged from 20 to 1600 µg/l with a median of 220 µg/L and 17.23 % had iodine deficiency (UIC0.05). Spearman's correlation test indicated weak significant correlation between maternal and infant UIC (r = 0,167, p = 0, 01). Conclusion:Iodine status was suboptimal in 70% of mothers and 17% (mild to moderate) of breastfed infants, thus indicating an urgent need to provide iodine supplement for lactating women in Dosso.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Status of Breastfed Infants and their Mothers after Sixteen Years of Universal Dietary Salt Iodization Program in Dosso, Niger

Sadou¹,

Moussa²,

Alma³

et al. 2013

TONUTRJ

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“…UIE was from 30 to 120 mcg/day. In several areas of Spain minor neurological deficits resulting from iodine deficiency were described in schoolchildren 11 . Health authorities showed interest in the eradication of iodine deficiency disorders and in 1982 a law was promulgated for the production of iodized table salt at 60 mg of iodine per Kg.…”

Section: Spain 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary guidelines for the Spanish population

Aranceta-Bartrina

Serra-Majem

2001

PHN

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Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are related to the degree of iodine deficiency. In european countries, characterized by mild to moderate iodine deficiency, neurological deficits or minor neuropsychological impairments have been described. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) ranged from 30 to 170 mcg/L, 141 millions of people were at risk of IDD, 97 millions were affected by goiter and 0.9 millions had an impaired mental development. Iodine prophylaxis is devoid of adverse reactions with the exception of sporadic cases of transitory hyperthyroidism, associated to the severity of iodine deficiency before the prophylaxis. The International Council for Control of IDD recommends an universal iodine prophylaxis, instituted gradually in severe iodine deficient countries. The total cost of universal iodine prophylaxis is very cheap compared to the social cost of goiter and cretinism. In conclusion, most european countries are still characterized by mild to moderate iodine deficiency. Iodine prophylaxis programs are already operating, its cost is irrelevant with respect to the undebatable beneficial impact on the health. Adverse effects are not observed except in severe iodine deficient areas where iodine intake was abruptly increased.

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“…Circulating thyroxine (T 4 ) was less than 78 nmol/l in 46% of them. Their somatic development was retarded and so was their mental development (12)(13)(14). Special prophylactic measures were undertaken in this area, and by 1993 (6) only 11% of the schoolchildren had small goiters, the mean UI concentration was 128G45 mg/l, with normal circulating T 4 (144G45 nmol/l), and normal somatic growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inadequate iodine nutrition of pregnant women from Extremadura (Spain)

Vega¹,

Rey²,

Fariñas³

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: To evaluate the iodine nutrition of the pregnant women of the Spanish Autonomous Community Extremadura. There are w10 000 births per year in Extremadura, which historically contains areas with endemic goiter (Las Hurdes). Design: Population study in which a representative sample of pregnant women of the general population was analyzed, along with another sample of pregnant women from traditionally goitrogenic areas. With the collaboration of selected health centers, an additional sample of blood and urine was obtained within the primary health care pregnancy-monitoring program; these samples were sent to a single central laboratory. Methods: Biochemistry: determination of iodine and creatinine in urine, and serum concentrations of thyroxine, free thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine, TSH, thyroglobulin, and two anti-thyroid antibodies. Each parameter was measured by means of a single specific RIA. Results: Changes between the first trimester and later stages of pregnancy of all biochemical variables studied corresponded with those described for other European areas with a comparable iodine nutrition. Using the urinary iodine concentration value as an indicator of iodine ingestion, it was found that in the first trimester of pregnancy six out of ten women from Extremadura ingested less than the currently recommended amount (250 mg I/day), and approximately three out of ten of these women ingested less than half of this amount. Conclusions: It is imperative to implement in all Extremadura the generalized and controlled use of complements that contain 200-250 mg I/day throughout pregnancy and, if possible, before.European Journal of Endocrinology 159 439-445

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Iodine Deficiency, Implications for Mental and Psychomotor Development in Children1

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Iodine Status of Breastfed Infants and their Mothers after Sixteen Years of Universal Dietary Salt Iodization Program in Dosso, Niger

Iodine Status of Breastfed Infants and their Mothers after Sixteen Years of Universal Dietary Salt Iodization Program in Dosso, Niger

Dietary guidelines for the Spanish population

Inadequate iodine nutrition of pregnant women from Extremadura (Spain)

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