Iodine Intake through Processed Food: Case studies from Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, 2010-2015

Abstract

Abstract:The current performance indicator for universal salt iodisation (USI) is the percent of 19 households using adequately iodised salt. However, the proportion of dietary salt from household 20 salt is decreasing with the increase in consumption of processed foods and condiments globally. 21This paper reports on case studies supported by the GAIN-UNICEF USI Partnership Project to 22 investigate processed food industry use of adequately iodised salt in contrasting national contexts. 23Studies were conducted in Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine. 24In all cases, the potential iodine intake from iodised salt in selected food products was modelled

Progress in Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) Control and Elimination in Europe and Central Asia Region (ECAR) in 2010–2020

“…Table 1. Epidemiologic criteria for assessment of iodine nutrition in a population based on median or range of median urinary iodine concentrations [5] Two countries in the region, Georgia and Turkmenistan, attempted to move away from the survey-based monitoring to the facility-based sentinel nutrition surveillance system, inclusive of data collection on iodine status of the population [51]. Given the almost universal access to primary health care in the former USSR countries, such systems are justified as they can adequately reflect the population's iodine status and require relatively smaller budgets compared to the large cost associated with population surveys.…”

“…The main source of iodized salt in that country was "Solana Tuzla", which was originally established in 1885. Based in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), the company continued producing iodized salt even during the siege of Tuzla during the Balkan war in the 1990s [5].…”

“…USI strategies were reintroduced in ECAR countries in the mid-1990s and gained strong momentum during the 2000-2009 decade. By the end of the first decade, several countries in the Region had already reached the goal of optimum iodine nutrition; other countries were quickly approaching this goal, and in only a few countries the progress toward USI had remained slow or high-level political commitment had not yet materialized in enacting a mandate [5].…”

Iodine status and sources of dietary iodine intake in Kenyan women and children

“…Nevertheless, the fraction of iodized salt sold for direct household use represents only a partial picture of the total edible salt supply. Salt for use in food manufacturing, such as in food processing industries, restaurants, catering, food aid, and street-side food vending constitutes a separate, meaningful source of salt intake for many people [9]. Therefore, to ascertain that the USI strategy is really loyally executed, it is important to also have information about the iodine intake from the use of iodized salt in these forms of processed foods.…”

“…The two additional iodized salt sources add dietary iodine on top of the native iodine (that is, iodine naturally present in foods and drinking water) [8]. In combination, the three dietary sources of iodine from household salt, processed food salt, and native iodine content are aimed at ensuring a total iodine intake from the diet that meets the biological needs of a population [9].…”