Ion transport in the endolymphatic space

Morgenstern, C.; Amano, Hajime; Orsulakova, A.

doi:10.1016/s0196-0709(82)80004-5

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Experimental observations support these suggestions [26]. Further, ES epithelium of guinea pigs is involved in active ion exchange [34], It has been reported that the ES plays a role in sta toconial formation and degradation [22], Many experimental and morphologic inves tigations performed in animals yielded more informations about the function of the ES [19,25,37,38,44]; in contrast, only limited data on the human ES are available. In pre vious studies, we have shown that the ES epi thelium in man contains secretory IgA and IgG [6,7], The present study further charac terizes the human ES epithelium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epithelium of the Human Endolymphatic Sac: Immunohistochemical Characterization (With 1 color plate)

Altermatt

Gebbers²,

Arnold³

et al. 1990

ORL

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A panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies has been used to study the epithelium of the extraosseous part of the human endolymphatic sac (ES) by immunohistochemistry. The ES epithelium reacted with several epithelial markers such as Lu-5, different anticytokeratins, antiepithelial membrane antigen, and anticarcinoembryonic antigen. Unexpectedly, all epithelial cells also revealed a strong positive reaction for the mesenchymal marker vimentin and for S-100 protein. ‘Neuroendocrine’, a neurosecretory antigen, and neuron-specific enolase reactivity was detected in a few epithelial cells. The results support the assumption that the ES epithelium is metabolically active and capable of secretion and resorption. These findings are in keeping with results of functional experiments in animals. The demonstration of neurosecretory antigen and neuron-specific enolase in some cells indicate that the epithelium may also have paracrine functions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epithelium of the Human Endolymphatic Sac: Immunohistochemical Characterization (With 1 color plate)

Altermatt

Gebbers²,

Arnold³

et al. 1990

ORL

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“…Their functional role has not been clarified. Putative functions include maintenance of homeostasis (10,11) and pressure (12) of the inner ear, phagocytosis of debris (13), and immunologic functions (14,15). ELSTs can cause hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and facial nerve paresis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of VHL Deficiency on Endolymphatic Duct and Sac

et al. 2005

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The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is caused by VHL germ line mutation. Inactivation of the wild-type copy of the VHL gene leads to up-regulation of hypoxic response and tumor formation within central nervous system (CNS), kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands, epididymis, broad ligament, and the endolymphatic sac/petrous bone. Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELST) have been proposed to be derived from endolymphatic sac epithelium, but other possible structures of origin have been implicated. To clarify the anatomic and cellular origin of ELSTs, we did a morphologic and molecular pathologic analysis of 16 tumors. In addition, we investigated effects of VHL deficiency on ''tumor-free'' endolymphatic duct and sac of VHL patients. Several tumors included in this study were <1 cm in size, and their origin could be placed in the intraosseous portion of the endolymphatic duct/sac. Furthermore, by analysis of clinically uninvolved ''tumor-free'' endolymphatic duct and sac tissues of VHL patients, we discovered a variety of VHL-deficient microscopic abnormalities with morphologic similarities to ELSTs. We conclude that most, if not all, ELSTs arise within the intraosseous portion of the endolymphatic duct/sac, the vestibular aqueduct. In analogy to renal parenchyma and selected topographical sites within the CNS, endolymphatic duct/sac epithelia are preferentially and multifocally targeted in VHL disease. The primary effect of VHL deficiency on human endolymphatic duct/sac epithelium seems to be the generation of multifocal sites of VHL-deficient cell proliferations from which tumorigenesis may or may not occur. Therefore, inactivation of the VHL wild-type allele seems necessary but not sufficient for the formation of tumor. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(23): 10847-53)

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“…11]. Published studies vary in their estimates of the ion con centrations in the marginal cells [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the resting poten tial and monovalent ion concentrations across the mar ginal cells during anoxia and in the steady state, and thus to learn more about the production of the EP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of Monovalent Ions across the Membranes of Marginal Cells of the Stria vascularis in the Guinea Pig Cochlea

Komune¹,

Nakagawa²,

Hisashi³

et al. 1993

ORL

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The resting potential and monovalent ions in the marginal cells and scala media were measured before and 20 min after the onset of anoxia using ionsensitive microelectrodes. The resting potential of the marginal cells decreased from 62.7 to ––2.4 mV. The K⁺ activity decreased from 77.7 to 53.2 mEq/l, while the Na⁺ activity increased from 2.6 to 24.7 mEq/l. The Cl^–– activity did not change significantly. In the scala media, the endocochlear potential decreased rapidly from 80.9 to ––28.0 mV after the onset of anoxia. The K⁺ activity decreased from 119.0 to 96.5 mEq/l, the Na⁺ activity increased from 1.3 to 9.5 mEq/l and that of Cl^–– decreased from 127.0 to 115.1 mEq/l. The electrochemical gradients determined for each ion based on the ionic changes in the scala media and marginal cells, suggested the existence of an Na/K pump and Na-K-2Cl cotransport at the basolateral membrane of the marginal cells, and a rheogenic K pump and Na-K-2Cl transport at the luminal membrane of the marginal cells. The Na⁺ and K⁺ must be recycled at the basolateral membrane and luminal membrane of marginal cells, respectively.

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Ion transport in the endolymphatic space

Cited by 38 publications

References 7 publications

The Epithelium of the Human Endolymphatic Sac: Immunohistochemical Characterization (With 1 color plate)

The Epithelium of the Human Endolymphatic Sac: Immunohistochemical Characterization (With 1 color plate)

Effects of VHL Deficiency on Endolymphatic Duct and Sac

Movement of Monovalent Ions across the Membranes of Marginal Cells of the Stria vascularis in the Guinea Pig Cochlea

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