Ionic Liquid Based Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Oleanolic Acid from Grape Seeds

Abstract

Ionic liquid based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (ILUAE) was successfully applied to extract Oleanolic acid (OA) from grape seeds. Different kinds of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with different kinds of cations and anions were studied and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 4 mim]Cl) solution was selected as extractants. The optimal conditions of ILUAE were determined by single factor experiments and Box-Behnken design as follows: [C 4 mim]Cl concentration of 0.7 mol/L, extraction time of 4 h, liquid-solid ratio of 15:1 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 195 W, the ultrasonication time of 13 min, and extraction temperature of 48˚C·min. The extraction yield of OA was 13.4 mg/g, which is well in close agreement with the value predicted by the model. Compared with the regular ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), the proposed approach exhibited 1.64 times higher efficiency, which indicated that ILUAE has a broad prospect for sample preparation of the bioactive compounds.

Oleanolic Acid: Extraction, Characterization and Biological Activity

“…In the last decade, there has been an increasing demand for novel extraction techniques, within the “green concept” (UN-2030 strategy), amenable to automation, with shortened extraction time, maximum efficiency and with a reduced requirement of organic solvents [ 19 , 20 ]. Alternative extraction techniques, such as subcritical water extraction [ 21 ], ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) [ 22 ], solid-phase microextraction [ 23 ], microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) [ 24 ], pressurized liquid extraction [ 25 ] and supercritical fluid extraction (SC-CO 2 ) [ 26 ], have raised the efficiency of the extraction process and diminished the number of organic solvents, operating temperatures and procedure times; however, each extraction technique presents advantages and disadvantages.…”

“…A large number of possible variations in cation and anion features allows the fine-tuning of the IL properties [ 33 ]. Zhang et al [ 20 ] applied ILUAE to extract OA from grape seeds. A 0.7 mol/L 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ((C4mim)Cl) solution in water was selected as the extractant.…”

Determination of Allantoin Levels as a Result of Optimization of Ionic Liquid-Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Comfrey Leaves by TLC-Densitometry

“…Optimization of extraction conditions uses 3 different ratios 10:1, 20:1 and 30:1. The highest allantoin rate is at a ratio of 10:1, which indicates a lower solvent ratio in this study is sufficient to extract compounds in the symplicia of comfrey leaves and may more easily spread through ultrasonic waves throughout the powder during the extraction process [23]. A 3-dimensional image of RSM allantoin is shown in figure 3.…”

Efficient Extraction of Anti-Inflammatory Active Ingredients from Schefflera octophylla Leaves Using Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Coupled with HPLC

“…However, traditional extraction methods have many drawbacks such as being time-consuming, inefficient, and pollution to the environment. In recent years, ionic liquids (ILs), as a kind of novel solvents in the extraction of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids [14], flavonoids [15,16], glycosides [17], and terpenoids [18], have been successfully applied. The extraction of bioactive components from plants using ILs is promising as a green method, which could reduce the pollution of environment and improve the selectivity and extraction yields of target analytes.…”

“…At present, the ionic liquids-based ultrasonic assisted extraction (IL-UAE) method has been proven as a more effective method in extracting various compounds from natural plants [14,15,16,17,18]. However, there is still no related report about the ionic liquids-based ultrasonic assisted extraction (IL-UAE) of compound A and compound B from leaves of S. octophylla .…”