Ionic liquid-mediated epitaxy of high-quality C60 crystallites in a vacuum

Takeyama, Yoko; Maruyama, Shigenao; Taniguchi, Hiroki; Itoh, Makoto; Ueno, Keiji; Matsumoto, Yuji

doi:10.1039/c2ce25163a

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The wrinkle structures shown in Figure4Ba re often observed in metal films deposited on soft substrates and this can be evidence that the surface of the IL thin film is covered by aw rinkled Au thin film. [58][59][60][61] In summary,t he results of this work can contribute to the potential applications of nanodroplets and thin films of ionic liquidsi no rganic electronics and optoelectronics and, consequently,t ot he developmento fn ew,g reen, and efficient nanotechnologies. [52] The formation of flat thin films suggests the application of ILs in multilayerso rm ixtures (hybrid materials) with organic or inorganic semiconductors.…”

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confidence: 83%

Morphology of Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids as Deposited by Vapor Deposition: Micro‐/Nanodroplets and Thin Films

2016

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The morphology of micro-and nanodroplets and thin films of ionic liquids (ILs) prepared through physical vapor deposition is presented. The morphology of droplets deposited on indium-tin-oxide-coated glass is presented for the extended 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([CnC1im][Ntf2]; n= 1-8) series, and the results show the nano-structuration of ILs. The use of in-vacuum energetic particles enhances/increases the nanodroplets mobility/coalescence mechanisms and can be a pathway to the fabrication of thin IL films. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a family of materials that offer a range of properties that can be adjusted to optimize their performance in a diversity of technological applications. [1-3] ILs share common characteristics, such as ionic conductivity, good thermal stability, and extremely low vapor pressure at room temperature. [4-6] In recent years, extensive studies of the thermo-physical properties of ILs have shown that almost none of these properties are shared across the IL range due to structural/nanostructural modifications. [7-9] ILs are becoming particularly attractive for many applications, such as solvents for electro-chemistry (electrically conducting fluids, electrolytes), sealants, chemical industry, gas handling, pharmaceuticals, cellulose processing, dye-sensitized solar cells, waste recycling, batteries, dispersion of nanomaterials, and electrode-electrolyte interfaces in high-vacuum systems. [10-15] Recently, the liquid/vacuum and liquid/solid interfaces of ILs have been of great relevance for most of the above-mentioned applications, and model surface studies and molecular orientation/ordering investigations of ILs have been performed on surfaces with different chemical properties: Au, Ni, silica, graphene, alumina, glass, and mica. [16-20] In some cases, thin films of ILs have been prepared by using impregnation techniques with solutions of ILs in volatile solvents, followed by solvent removal by evaporation. Thus, nanostructures of ILs can be prepared by spin/dip-coating methods and the films have low thicknesses and exceptional lubrication characteristics. [20] In recent years, the focus has been on physical vapor deposition (PVD) of ILs on different surfaces [16, 18, 19]

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confidence: 83%

Morphology of Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids as Deposited by Vapor Deposition: Micro‐/Nanodroplets and Thin Films

2016

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated the successful preparation of individual mesoscopic-sized molecular single crystallites by liquid assisted vacuum deposition using the liquids as crystallization solvents [34,50,51]. Also, deposition of perylene into liquid substrates consisting of spin-coated films of silicone oil was studied by Liu et al [52].…”

Section: Polymorph-selective Preparation Of Perylene Crystallites By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorph-Selective Preparation and Structural Characterization of Perylene Single Crystals

Pick

Klues

Rinn

et al. 2015

Crystal Growth & Design

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Organic semiconductors occurring in polymorphic structures represent excellent model systems for fundamental studies of optoelectronic excitations in different crystalline configurations. Perylene is an archetypal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon appearing in two polymorphs known as α-and β-phases which adopt different molecular packing motifs. However, the growth of high quality single-crystals with appropriate sizes and polymorph selectivity remains challenging. In this study, we compare various approaches towards a polymorph-selective perylene single-crystal growth. Though crystals of both polymorphs are obtained from toluene solution (either by cooling of saturated solution or by evaporation of solvents) they exhibit numerous defects and their size cannot be precisely controlled. Vapor deposition and re-sublimation favors the formation of α-crystals which can be rationalized by a newly identified thin-film phase forms initially. Further, we demonstrate that organic molecular beam deposition onto silicone-oil covered substrates enables the fabrication of high quality crystals of both phases. The relative occurrence of the individual polymorphs is controlled by the actual deposition parameters. Combining the results of X-ray diffraction, atomic-force microscopy, and fluorescence analysis enables an unambiguous polymorph identification solely based on the characteristic crystal shape. The morphological characterization reveals characteristic screw-dislocations at crystals grown from solution or by re-sublimation while the liquid mediated crystals exhibit exceptionally flat surfaces and enable detailed fluorescence studies without defect-related emission signals.

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“…In contrast, pre‐saturated ionic liquid kept thin film shape during long time deposition. This difference considered to be caused by the different Alq 3 molecule distribution in ionic liquid . For the case of pure ionic liquid film, the surface region easy to become supersaturation because the Alq 3 molecule limited by diffusion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This difference considered to be caused by the different Alq 3 molecule distribution in ionic liquid. [28] For the case of pure ionic liquid film, the surface region easy to become supersaturation because the Alq 3 molecule limited by diffusion. Therefore, Alq 3 crystal tend to precipitate at the peripheral of liquid film where the nucleation sites of substrate and liquid surface are close.…”

Section: Relationship Between Crystal Precipitation Property and Solumentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal of Organic Single Crystal Growth Method Using Electrospray Deposition and Thin‐Film Ionic Liquid

Ueda

Takeuchi

Terada

et al. 2018

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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A novel crystal growth technique is proposed that uses a thin ionic liquid film with an extremely low vapor pressure as the crystal growth field, and a solute supplied by electrospray deposition through the surface of the liquid film. The precipitation properties of small molecule Alq3 single crystals were investigated at 25 °C under atmospheric pressure in a nitrogen atmosphere. Using the proposed method, aggregated small crystals of less than 10 μm, rhombic plate‐like crystals with diagonal lengths of 50 μm, and hexagonal plate‐like crystals of 100 μm were precipitated when the solution supply rates (supply times) were 8.0 (90), 4.0 (180), and 2.0 μl min−1 (360 min), respectively. Alq3 is known to be a material difficult to grow into plate‐like crystals, however, when solution was supplied to the ionic liquid at a rate of 2.0 μl min−1 for 16 h, large hexagonal plate‐like crystals with a diagonal length of about 400 μm are obtained, which are among the largest plate‐like Alq3‐based crystals ever reported. The proposed crystal growth technique is expected to be beneficial for growing large size plate‐like single crystals of various organic materials.

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Ionic liquid-mediated epitaxy of high-quality C60 crystallites in a vacuum

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Morphology of Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids as Deposited by Vapor Deposition: Micro‐/Nanodroplets and Thin Films

Morphology of Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids as Deposited by Vapor Deposition: Micro‐/Nanodroplets and Thin Films

Polymorph-Selective Preparation and Structural Characterization of Perylene Single Crystals

Proposal of Organic Single Crystal Growth Method Using Electrospray Deposition and Thin‐Film Ionic Liquid

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