Ionic liquid surfactant‐mediated ultrasonic‐assisted extraction coupled to HPLC: Application to analysis of tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge

Abstract

Ionic liquid surfactants are a class of ionic liquids (ILs), which can form micelles in the aqueous solution. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel extracting system based on the use of IL surfactants in ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by HPLC analysis. No organic solvents were used in the extraction, making this method environmentally friendly and more attractive than the conventional organic solvent-based extraction methods. As an example, this method was applied to determine tanshinones in Chinese herbal medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge. The effect of the carbon chain length of the IL cation, as well as other influencing factors on ultrasonic-assisted extraction, was investigated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory extraction efficiency was achieved with the recoveries ranging from 87.5 to 107.6%, and the RSDs were lower than 6%. This work shows a promising prospect of the IL surfactants in the extraction of active ingredients from herbs.

Optimization of ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction of puerarin from Radix Puerariae Lobatae by response surface methodology

“…These intrinsic features of ILs, combined with their ease of preparation, have resulted in a remarkable increase in their use in academia and industry (Sun & Armstrong, 2010). Now ILs have been successfully applied for the IL based extraction of bioactive compounds (Poole & Poole, 2010) from medicinal plants, such as alkaloids (Cao, Ye, Lu, Yu, & Mo, 2009;Du, Xiao, Xu, & Li, 2010;Lu, Ma, Hu, Dai, & Pan, 2008;Ma et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2009), lactones (Chi et al, 2011), polyphenolic compounds (Du, Xiao, Luo, & Li, 2009;Du et al, 2007;Ma, Liu, et al, 2011;Ma, Qiao, et al, 2011), flavonoids (Du, Xiao, & Li, 2011;Huang & Xie, 2010;Zeng, Wang, Kong, Nie, & Yuan, 2010), phenolic acids and quinones (Wu et al, 2009). Recently, a novel ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction (ILUAE) has been developed, combining the advantages of UAE and beneficial properties of ILs.…”

“…Recently, a novel ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction (ILUAE) has been developed, combining the advantages of UAE and beneficial properties of ILs. Therefore, the ILUAE is becoming one of the attractive and promising extraction techniques (Cao et al, 2009;Wu et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2009Zhang et al, , 2011Ma, Qiao, et al, 2011;Ma, Liu, et al, 2011).…”

Enrichment of the Gamma Oryzanol Level from Rice Bran by Addition of Inorganic Salts on Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3- Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM] PF6) Extraction

“…9 Tanshinone and crypto tanshinone were significantly extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by application of IL (C 14 mimBr and C 16 mimBr). 13 Butylmethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM] PF 6 ) was based on the solutes charged state or relative hydrophobicity. The length of IL alkyl chain indeed exerts a significant impact on the extraction yield of lipophilic compounds.…”

Surface-active Ionic Liquids for Micellar Extraction of Piperine from Black Pepper

“…Based on bromide anions, the chain length of the 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imdazolium cation was varied, as tanshinones are lipophilic compounds. While [C 8 mim]Br failed to extract the active ingredients, the extraction yield increased dramatically for tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA when the chain length was increasing from C 10 to C 16 [52]. Microwave-assisted micellar extraction was also successfully applied by Lin et al in 2012 using an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) consisting of [C n mim]BF 4 /NaH 2 PO 4 for the active ingredients hyperin and isoquercitrin from Apocynum venetum; however, better results were obtained with the butyl side chain rather than with the surface-active 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [53].…”