Ionic liquids as an additive in fully formulated wind turbine gearbox oils

Monge, Ramón Asensio; González, R.; Battez, A. Hernández; Fernández-González, Á.; Viesca, J.L.; Garcı́a, Agustı́n Costa; Hadfield, M.

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.041

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…(Figure 5b). It has been reported [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] that ILs have the ability to form highly ordered absorbed layers on metal surfaces. This layer prevents direct contact between mating surfaces, reducing friction and wear.…”

Section: Viscosity Density and Thermal Stability Of The Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of sulfur on the worn surface suggests that this element, present in the MG formulation, reacted with the steel to form a sulfide layer [24] on the surface of the disk, reducing the worn area and the presence of cracks inside the wear track. The combination of [THTDP][NTf2] with the additives present in MG had a synergistic effect [15,25], producing a smoother and smaller wear track (Figure 9). It should also be noted that, under the experimental conditions studied, the AISI 440C steel balls presented no apparent wear loss, but showed an adhered layer of steel particles from the disk ( Figure 11) when IL was not present in the lubricant.…”

Section: Effect Of Ionic Liquidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers [15,16] have shown that the addition of small amounts of halogenated ILs to mineral and synthetic wind turbine oils has a positive effect on the wear behavior of materials in contact. However, halogen-containing anions are very sensitive to moisture and, in the presence of water, will react, causing: (1) the corrosion of metallic surfaces by formation of metallic halides and (2) the evolution of toxic species (HF) from hydrolysis of the anions [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lubrication Ability of Ionic Liquids as Additives for Wind Turbine Gearboxes Oils

2016

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Abstract:The amount of energy that can be gained from the wind is unlimited, unlike current energy sources such as fossil and coal. While there is an important push in the use of wind energy, gears and bearing components of the turbines often fail due to contact fatigue, causing costly repairs and downtime. The objective of this work is to investigate the potential tribological benefits of two phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) as additives to a synthetic lubricant without additives and to a fully formulated and commercially available wind turbine oil. In this work, AISI 52100 steel disks were tested in a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer against AISI 440C steel balls. Surface finish also affects the tribological properties of gear surfaces. In order to understand the combined effect of using the ILs with surface finish, two surface finishes were also used in this study. Adding ILs to the commercial available or synthetic lubricant reduced the wear scar diameter for both surface finishes. This decrease was particularly important for trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide, where a wear reduction of the steel disk around 20% and 23% is reached when 5 wt % of this IL is added to the commercially available lubricant and to the synthetic lubricant without additives, respectively.

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Section: Viscosity Density and Thermal Stability Of The Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Ionic Liquidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lubrication Ability of Ionic Liquids as Additives for Wind Turbine Gearboxes Oils

2016

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“…Despite their good tribological behaviour, the hydrolysis products of those anions are highly corrosive [36]. This fact provoked the introduction of new and more stable ILs based on [FAP] and [NTf 2 ] anions [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53], which present enhanced tribological properties due to the formation of fluoride tribofilms, especially at high loads [54]. Recently, phosphonium cation-based ILs have been introduced in this field because of their growing commercial availability and good tribological performance [26,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoconversional kinetic analysis applied to five phosphonium cation-based ionic liquids

et al. 2017

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Thermal degradation of five phosphonium cation-based ionic liquids ([P 66614 outperforming the other ones in both pyrolytic and oxidising conditions. Although the thermal degradation mechanism is affected by atmospheric conditions, the degradation trend remains practically constant. As the dynamic methodology usually overestimates the long-term thermal stability, an isoconversional methodology is better for predicting the long-term thermal stability of these ionic liquids in order to be used as base oil or additive in lubricants formulation. Finally, the model-free methodology can predict at lower costs the ILs performance in isothermal conditions. Highlights• Weakly coordinating anions provoke good thermal stability of ILs.• • Isoconversional methods are better than dynamic ones for long-term thermal studies.• Activation energy behavior at low conversions is related to a single reaction.• Model-free methodology can predict the ILs performance in isothermal conditions.

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“…In the current research, an optical scanning technique using Turbiscan Lab Expert (manufactured by Formulaction, L'Union, France) was employed for analyzing oil stability. This technique has been employed in the past for analyzing the dispersion and suspension state of various oils and mixtures containing ILs [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Four different mixtures of IL1 and IL2 with New Oil and Used Oil were analyzed; only the results for Used Oil are discussed in this paper.…”

Section: Oil-il Mixture Stability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Boundary Film Forming Behavior of Phosphonium Ionic Liquids as Engine Lubricant Additives

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The reduction of friction and wear losses in boundary lubrication regime of a piston ring-cylinder liner tribo-system has always been a challenge for engine and lubricant manufacturers. One way is to use lubricant additives, which can form boundary film quickly and reduce the direct contact between asperities. This article focuses on the assessment of boundary film forming behavior of two phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) as additives in engine-aged lubricant to further improve its film forming capabilities and hence reduce friction and wear of contacting surfaces. A reciprocating piston ring segment-on-flat coupon under fully flooded lubrication conditions at room temperature (approx. 25˝C) was employed. The trihexyltetradecyl phosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate and trihexyltetradecyl phosphonium bis(2,4,4-tri-methylpentyl) phosphinate ionic liquids were used as additives in 6 vol. % quantity. Benchmark tests were conducted using fully formulated new lubricant of same grade (with and without ILs). Results revealed that the addition of phosphonium ILs to engine-aged lubricant led to quicker initiation of boundary film forming process. In addition, friction and wear performance of engine-aged lubricant improved by the addition of both ILs and these mixtures outperformed the fresh fully formulated oil. Chemical analysis showed higher concentration of phosphorus element on the worn surface indicating presence of ILs in the formed tribofilms.

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Ionic liquids as an additive in fully formulated wind turbine gearbox oils

Abstract: This work presents the friction and wear behaviour of two fully formulated (polyalphaolefin-and mineral-based)

Cited by 65 publications

References 56 publications

The Lubrication Ability of Ionic Liquids as Additives for Wind Turbine Gearboxes Oils

The Lubrication Ability of Ionic Liquids as Additives for Wind Turbine Gearboxes Oils

Isoconversional kinetic analysis applied to five phosphonium cation-based ionic liquids

Assessing Boundary Film Forming Behavior of Phosphonium Ionic Liquids as Engine Lubricant Additives

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