Ionic Liquids as Precursors for Efficient Mesoporous Iron‐Nitrogen‐Doped Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts

Li, Zelong; Li, Guang‐Lan; Jiang, Luhua; Li, Jinlei; Sun, Gongquan; Xia, Chungu; Li, Fuwei

doi:10.1002/anie.201409579

Cited by 166 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…As a result, P(Co)-C Adv. [ 129,133,200,219 ] Lefevre et al [ 200 ] illustrated that ORR activity of Fe-N-C with ferrous acetate, phenanthroline and carbon support serving as precursors correlates with nominal Fe content as well as Nafi on-to-catalyst ratio (NCR), with 1 wt% Fe and ≈1.5 of NCR peaking the activity, which was also confi rmed in their ensuing report. 2016, 6, 1600458 www.MaterialsViews.com www.advenergymat.de wileyonlinelibrary.com exhibited much better ORR performances relative to P-C in terms of diffusion-limited current density, onset/half-wave potential and H 2 O 2 yields.…”

Section: Effect Of Transition Metals Acid Leaching and Second Pyrolymentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Energy Mater. [ 24 ] Li et al [ 129 ] 2 ] as N precursor) to prepare Fe X @NOMC (X: Fe mass content, NOMC: nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon). Nallathambi et al [ 218 ] made comparison on ORR activity of metal-free carbon support with and without metal-nitrogen chelate complex (Co-N, Fe-N, Co-Fe-N), showing that the carbon composite reached maximum activity with Co-Fe-N bound to the carbon support compared to Co-N and Fe-N complexes.…”

Section: Effect Of Transition Metals Acid Leaching and Second Pyrolymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non‐Pt Nanostructured Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Synthesis, Catalytic Activity and its Key Factors

Xia

Chen

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

170

107

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caused by electrochemical polarization, Ohmic polarization and mass transport polarization. [ 4 ] The electrochemical reaction occurring on the cathode is oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). It is kinetically much more sluggish as compared to anode reaction, thereby calling for effi cient ORR catalysts. [ 1 ] Basically for ORR catalysis there are two main pathways, i.e., direct 4e pathway (O 2 + 4H + + 4e − → 2H 2 O) and 2 by 2e pathway (O 2 + 2H + + 2e → H 2 O 2 , H 2 O 2 + 2H + + 2e → 2H 2 O), the latter of which ends up with H 2 O 2 generation in 2-electron pathway or H 2 O generation in 4-electron pathway, making the 4-electron pathway more efficient and desirable. [ 1,5 ] In the past few decades, Pt catalysts have been considered to be the best catalysts; however, typical problems facing Pt, including unsatisfactory long-term durability due to dissolution, methanol crossover and CO poisoning, are hindrances to mass application of PEMFC and make it a nontrivial issue to develop some novel cathode electrocatalysts. [ 6,7 ] Moreover, around half of the cost of PEMFC power system is the fuel cell stack cost, a large proportion of which stems from expensive Pt catalysts; unlike other stack components, Pt catalyst cost seems to be less affected by economies of sale due to the scarcity and increasing demand of Pt. [ 8 ] Many strategies have therefore been proposed to address these challenges. They can reasonably be classifi ed into two types, i.e., lowering the Pt concentration by mixing Pt with other metals to form Pt-based alloys [ 7,9 ] or Pt-skin/skeleton surface structures, [ 10,11 ] and developing non-Pt catalysts [ 12 ] or even metalfree catalysts. [ 13 ] Recently, a wide variety of non-Pt ORR catalysts have been intensively studied as substitutes for state-ofthe-art Pt or Pt-based catalysts. Monometallic catalysts such as Au, Ag with tunable particle size, morphology and preferential surface orientation have attracted growing attention due to their enhanced activities; in particular, monometallic catalysts supported on graphene or its derivatives are shown to have extraordinary catalytic performance and long-term durability since graphene, with its sp 2 -hybridized honeycomb structure, enhances mass transport and electron transfer, and the synergetic coupling between monometallic catalysts and graphene supports prevents the occurrence of particle dissolution and aggregation. [ 6,14 ] Similarly, metal chalcogenides grown on (heteroatom-doped) graphenes have noticeably higher ORR activities relative to unsupported counterparts due to the Pt-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are the topic of extensive and intensive research since a few decades. Nevertheless, the scarcity of these Pt-based electrocatalysts, their high cost and unsatisfactory durability are the primary hindrances to their further commercialization. In recent years, non-Pt electrocatalysts have garnered considerable interest as alternatives to Pt-based catalysts for the ORR. This review highlights the synthesis, catalyti...

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Section: Effect Of Transition Metals Acid Leaching and Second Pyrolymentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Effect Of Transition Metals Acid Leaching and Second Pyrolymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐Pt Nanostructured Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Synthesis, Catalytic Activity and its Key Factors

Xia

Chen

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

170

107

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“…In this study, we used the templating method to obtain highly ordered mesoporous carbon with a high surface area. As these ILs are liquids at room temperature and show strong interactions with inorganic surfaces, they are ideal for use in nanocasting to generate nanostructures of highsurface-area N-doped carbons [11][12][13][14]. Since ILs tend to expand during heat treatment and ions without nitrile groups act as a porogen, it is difficult to obtain an ordered structure using a carbon replica of a hard template [11,14,16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been used in the synthesis of mesoporous carbons [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. ILs exist in the liquid state at room temperature and exhibit negligible vapor pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandwich-type ordered mesoporous carbon/graphene nanocomposites derived from ionic liquid

Kim

Roh

et al. 2016

Nano Res.

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Sandwich-type ordered mesoporous carbon/graphene nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using 2D ordered mesoporous silica/graphene nanocomposites as the hard template and an ionic liquid as a N-rich carbon source. We used an ionic liquid of 1-(3-cyanopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide containing nitrile groups (-CN) in the cation and anion as a carbon precursor for the preparation of the nanocomposites. Nitriles do not decompose under thermal treatment in an inert gas atmosphere, but leave significant amounts of N-rich carbon materials. The nanocomposites had a large surface area (1,316 m 2 ·g -1 ), an average pore diameter of 5.9 nm, and high electrical conductivity. The nanocomposite electrode showed a high specific capacitance of 190 F·g -1 at 0.5 A·g -1 in 1 M TEABF 4 /AN electrolyte and a good rate capability between 0 and 2.7 V for supercapacitor (or ultracapacitor) applications.

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“…Therefore, it is still challenge to develop an efficient method to synthesize the nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon spheres with high surface area. Others' and our investigations indicated that the porosity and surface area are critical for mass transport and exposure of active sites of the ORR catalyst [50][51][52] . Others' and our investigations indicated that the porosity and surface area are critical for mass transport and exposure of active sites of the ORR catalyst [50][51][52] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon sphere with short channel as an efficient metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Xia

2015

RSC Adv.

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Nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon spheres (N-OMCS) were fabricated by an efficient aqueous self-assembly process with F127 as a template, phenol resin and dicyandiamide (DCDA) as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. It was found that the N-OMCS displayed the homogeneous nitrogen dispersion, well-defined monodispersed spherical morphology with ordered mesoporous structure as well as short channel. The prepared N-OMCS-1.5-900 showed good catalytic activity, excellent stability and resistance to methanol oxidation in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The significant electrocatalytic performance could be attributed to the formation of carbon spheres with ordered mesoporous structure and short channel, which not only facilitated the mass transportation, but also provided abundant active sites on the surface. In addition, the graphitic degree and the different nitrogen species of N-OMCS-1.5-900 also played an important role in ORR. The successful synthesis and application of N-OMCS could provide a feasible method for the fabrication of heteroatom-doped ordered mesorporous carbon nanospheres and may also boost the development of the efficient metal-free electrocatalysts.Nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon spheres has been fabricated by an aqueous self-assembly method. The formation of the mesoporous structure with short channel facilitates the mass transfer in ORR. The N-OMCS-1.5-900 shows excellent electrocatalytic efficiency and durability for the oxygen reduction in alkaline media.

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Ionic Liquids as Precursors for Efficient Mesoporous Iron‐Nitrogen‐Doped Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts

Cited by 166 publications

References 55 publications

Non‐Pt Nanostructured Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Synthesis, Catalytic Activity and its Key Factors

Non‐Pt Nanostructured Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Synthesis, Catalytic Activity and its Key Factors

Sandwich-type ordered mesoporous carbon/graphene nanocomposites derived from ionic liquid

Nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon sphere with short channel as an efficient metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

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