Ionization by Relativistic Particles

Price, B.

doi:10.1088/0034-4885/18/1/302

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…The energy loss of proton, pion, and muon, denoted in Figure 1 by the solid, dotted, and dashed curves, respectively, is computed from a standard Bethe-Bloch-type theory' [13][14][15]. Below 1 GeV these three curves are qualitatively similar, except that the stopping power of a proton is several times larger than that of a pion or muon with the same kinetic energy.…”

Section: Energy Loss Of Cosmic Ray and Secondary Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first stage (intranuclear cascade process), the incident proton or neutron interacts with the target nucleus via a sequence of two-body, quasi-free scatterings between the projectile and target nucleons. This process results in secondary protons, neutrons, and pions, most of which are 98 13 In a nucleon-nucleus reaction, nucleon + target -> X^ + • • • + X^ + residual nucleus, if the energies and momenta of all fragments X^^ ''' ' ^n ^^^ *^^ residual nucleus are measured, the measurement is said to be exclusive. The cross section obtained is called an exclusive cross section.…”

Section: Nucleon-nucleus Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A minimum energy of 7.714 MeV must be supplied to initiate reaction (12), and 2.654 MeV for reaction (13). Because of the lower Q-value, the alpha-producing channel of (13) is energetically more favorable than that of (12).…”

Section: • Protons Versus Neutronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of the extra Coulomb repulsion is manifested by the fact that the nuclear binding energy of '^Al is 5.060 MeV lower than that of '^Mg. This is directly reflected in the g-values of reactions (12) and (13).…”

Section: • Protons Versus Neutronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear physics of cosmic ray interaction with semiconductor materials: Particle-induced soft errors from a physicist's perspective

Tang

1996

IBM J. Res. & Dev.

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The key issues of cosmic-ray-induced softerror rates, SER (also referred to as singieevent upset, SEU, rates) in microeiectronic devices are discussed from the viewpoint of fundamental atomic and nuciear interactions between high-energy particles and semiconductors. From sea level to moderate altitudes, the cosmic ray spectrum is dominated by three particle species: nucleons (protons and neutrons), pions, and muons. The characteristic features of high-energy nuclear reactions of these particles with light elements are reviewed. A major cause of soft errors is identified to be the ionization electron-hole pairs induced by the secondary nuclear fragments produced in certain processes. These processes are the inelastic collisions between the cosmic ray particles and nuclei in the host material. A state-of-the-art nuclear spallation reaction model, NUSPA, is developed to simulate these reactions. This model is tested and validated by a large set of nuclear experiments. It is used to generate the crucial database for the soft-error simulators which are currently used throughout IBM for device and circuit analysis. The relative effectiveness ®Copyright 1996 by International Business Machines Corporation. Copying in printed form for private use is permitted without payment of royalty provided that (1) each reproduction is done without alteration and (2) the Journal reference and IBM copyright notice are included on the first page. The title and abstract, but no other portions, of this paper may be copied or distributed royalty free without further permission by computer-based and other information-service systems. Permission to republish any other portion of this paper must be obtained from the Editor.of nucleons, plons, and muons as soft-errorinducing agents is evaluated on the basis of nuclear reaction rate calculations and energydeposition analysis.

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Section: Energy Loss Of Cosmic Ray and Secondary Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nucleon-nucleus Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: • Protons Versus Neutronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: • Protons Versus Neutronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear physics of cosmic ray interaction with semiconductor materials: Particle-induced soft errors from a physicist's perspective

Tang

1996

IBM J. Res. & Dev.

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Classical and Quantum Theory of Synergic Synchrotron–Čerenkov Radiation

2000

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Classical and Quantum Theory of Synergic Synchrotron-Čerenkov Radiation

Schwinger¹,

Tsai²,

Erber³

Electromagnetic Radiation: Variational Methods, Waveguides and Accelerators

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The power spectra of C 8 erenkov, synchrotron, and synchrotron C 8 erenkov radiation are calculated both classically (by source methods) and quantum mechanically (by mass operator methods). The synergic features of the synchrotron C 8 erenkov radiation are pointed out. The existence of a transition region near n;=1 [n(|, H)=index of refraction of the medium; ;=vÂc, v=velocity of the charged particle] coupled with the intrinsic dispersion of the medium is then applied to the discussion of the suppression of X-ray radiation, the construction of X-ray counters, the detection of the quantum corrections, and the modification of the synchrotron radiation from pulsars. Academic Press

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Ionization by Relativistic Particles

Abstract: 54 2.1. The average energy-loss by 2.2. The primary ionization and 2.3. Fluctuations of energy-loss ; the most probable energy-loss 58

Cited by 29 publications

References 109 publications

Nuclear physics of cosmic ray interaction with semiconductor materials: Particle-induced soft errors from a physicist's perspective

Nuclear physics of cosmic ray interaction with semiconductor materials: Particle-induced soft errors from a physicist's perspective

Classical and Quantum Theory of Synergic Synchrotron–Čerenkov Radiation

Classical and Quantum Theory of Synergic Synchrotron-Čerenkov Radiation

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