Ionization potentials of oxidized copper clusters

Gas phase chemistry of neutral metal clusters: Distribution, reactivity and catalysis

“…Using 10.5 eV, SPI for neutral clusters, with the possible relatively rare exception for clusters whose calculated ionization energy > 10.5 eV, almost all of these metal and metal compound clusters will be ionized. Most metal oxide/sulfide neutral clusters have ionization energies in the range 7-10.5 eV [37,38,67,75,100,[102][103][104][105]. Thus, the cluster excess energy following ionization is ∼0-4 eV.…”

Equilibrium Geometry, Stability, and Magnetic Properties of Small MnO Clusters

“…Experiments on clusters and nanoparticles of metal oxides are few and far between. − It is only recently that some attention has been paid to studying the stability of oxide clusters. − While clusters of silicon oxide, antimony oxide, and magnesium oxide 10 having the same stoichiometric composition as in the bulk phase exhibit marked stability, transition metal oxides behave entirely differently . For example, Ziemann and Castleman 10 found that (MnO) x clusters for x = 3, 6, 9, and 12 exhibit conspicuous peaks in the mass spectra, indicating that these may be unusually stable.…”

“…Transition metal−oxide clusters are also expected to exhibit different electronic, magnetic, and optical properties . Due to their multiple-valence structures, transition metals can form oxide clusters M x O y in a variety of compositions where x ≠ y while in the bulk phase usually x = y = 1. ,− Thus clusters rich in either transition metal or oxygen content can exist and, more importantly, show unusual behavior . In addition, transition metal clusters, due to their d electrons, can exhibit unique magnetic properties in their oxide phases. , Recent experiments on nanoparticles of NiO 6 and MnO 7 indicate that these are ferromagnetic although in the bulk phase they order antiferromagnetically.…”

Non-classical Crystallization

“…It should be noted that both ionization potential and electron affinity of large clusters approach the work function value of their bulk (Persson et al 1997;Seidl et al 1998). Large charged clusters are more liquid-like than small neutral clusters as long as the size difference is not extreme.…”