ionospheric modification with a VLF transmitter

Inan, U. S.; Rodriguez, J. V.; Lev-Tov, Sean J.; Oh, J.

doi:10.1029/92gl02378

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is suggested that the cross modulation is due to heating of the D region just above the transmitter which changes the electron collision frequency and thus the electrical conductivity. The modified electron collision frequency is given by (Maslin, 1974;Inan et al, 1992) u0 -2u0 [7 v= ~-+ + '~' -,…”

Section: Vlf Cross Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inan et al (1992) and theoretically investigated the modification of the electron density in the nighttime D region. The equations of their model are the continuity equations under steady-state conditions (i.e., Equation (5) without the term due to the loss of particles by movement) for four species: the electron density, the positive ion density, the negative ion density, and the positive water cluster ion density.…”

Section: Vlf Cross Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their ionospheric perturbations have mainly been observed in-situ by satellites. It includes: triggering of new waves (Dowden et al, 1978;Bell et al, 1983;Titova et al, 1984;Bell, 1985;Groves et al, 1988;Bell andNgo, 1988, 1990;Sotnikov et al, 1991), ionospheric heating (Inan, 1990;Bell et al, 1991;Dowden and Adams, 1992;Inan et al, 1992;, wave-electron interactions (Inan et al, 1978;Inan et al, 1982Inan et al, , 1984Inan et al, , 1985Dowden, 1985), and particle precipitation (Koons et al, 1981;Vampola, 1987Vampola, , 1990. Moreover, magnetospheric amplification of VLF pulses through wave-electron interaction is enhanced during magnetic storms (Smith and Clilverd, 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Physical mechanisms of man-made influences on the magnetosphere

Parrot

Zaslavski

1996

Surv Geophys

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Since the discovery of the Luxembourg effect in the 1930s, it is clear that man-made activities can perturb the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. The anthropogenic effects are mainly clue to different kinds of waves coming from the Earth's surface. Acoustic-gravity waves are generated by large explosions, spacecraft launches, or flight of supersonic planes. Electromagnetic waves are active in different frequency ranges. Power line harmonic radiation which is radiated in the ELF range by electrical power systems can be observed over industrial areas. At VLF and HF, the ground-based transmitters used for communications or radio-navigation heat the ionosphere and change the natural parameters. A large variety of phenomena is observed: wave-particle interaction, precipitation of radiation belt electrons, parametric coupling of EM whistler waves, triggered emissions, frequency shift, and whistler spectrum broadening. This paper will review the different physical mechanisms which are relevant to such perturbations. The possibility of direct chemical pollution in the ionosphere due to gas releases is also discussed.

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Section: Vlf Cross Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vlf Cross Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Physical mechanisms of man-made influences on the magnetosphere

Parrot

Zaslavski

1996

Surv Geophys

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“…Associated with these theoretical models, many researches about lower ionospheric heating by very low frequency (VLF) waves were published [ Inan et al ., ; Rodriguez et al ., ; Rodriguez , ; Marshall , ]. Inan et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Inan et al . [] created a three‐dimensional model about the heating effect on the nighttime D region through a probe with VLF signal. They showed that the theoretical predicted values were in general agreement with the observations and the maximum heating effects occurred under tenuous D region conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saturation effects of the lower ionosphere based on two‐dimensional HF heating model

Cheng

Guo

2017

JGR Space Physics

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This paper presents a two‐dimensional (2‐D) theoretical model of the lower ionospheric heating by high‐frequency (HF) electromagnetic waves. Compared with the traditional one‐dimensional model, we develop the half‐power width of the heating beam into the theoretical formulations, which dictates the 2‐D distribution characteristics of electron temperature and density perturbations; we also introduce the Sodankylä Ion Chemistry (SIC) model. Based on this numerical model, the saturation effect of ionospheric electron temperature and density is investigated, and simulation is performed by heating at a wave frequency of 6 MHz. Results show that because of energy absorption, the electron temperature peaks at 74 km, and the relative increment of electron density peaks at 94 km in the height direction. Conversely, both the maximum perturbations of electron temperature and density appear on the beam center in the horizontal direction. Second, the saturation time of electron temperature initially increases slowly and then rapidly with increased height. Meanwhile, the saturation time of electron density decreases with increased height. In the horizontal aspect, both the saturation time of electron temperature and density are symmetrical at approximately the position of the beam center owing to the initial Gaussian distribution. Electron temperature far from the beam center results in a long saturation time. Conversely, with increased distance from the beam center, the saturation time of electron density decreases.

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Extended lateral heating of the nighttime ionosphere by ground‒based VLF transmitters

et al. 2013

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[1] The effects of ground-based very low frequency (VLF) transmitters on the lower ionosphere are investigated. Controlled modulation experiments are performed with the 21.4 kHz, 424 kW VLF transmitter NPM in Lualualei, Hawaii, and physical effects of the NPM transmissions are studied with a subionospherically propagating VLF probe signal. Observed perturbations to the probe signal are consistent neither with expectations from transmitter-induced electron precipitation nor to off-path scattering from a concentrated heating region near the transmitter but rather appear to be the result of scattering from extended lateral heating of the ionosphere by the NPM transmitter. A large-scale computational modeling framework confirms theoretically that this form of ionospheric heating can account for the observed probe signal modulations, establishing that the lateral extent of ionospheric heating due to VLF transmitters is several thousand kilometers, significantly greater than previously recognized.

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ionospheric modification with a VLF transmitter

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Physical mechanisms of man-made influences on the magnetosphere

Physical mechanisms of man-made influences on the magnetosphere

Saturation effects of the lower ionosphere based on two‐dimensional HF heating model

Extended lateral heating of the nighttime ionosphere by ground‒based VLF transmitters

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