Ionospherically Propagated Sea Scatter

Abstract

Measurements of the spectrum of high-frequency radio waves scattered from the sea surface and propagated by the ionosphere show that the expected split-spectrum characteristic of scatter from the sea is preserved and suggests the possible use of high-frequency backscatter with a high-resolution receiving system to monitor varying sea state over wide areas.

A New Tripodal Ligand System with Steric and Electronic Modularity for Uranium Coordination Chemistry

“…The tripodal ligand 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(2,4-di- tert -butyl phenol)methyl)benzene, ( t Bu ArOH 3 )mes ( 1 ), was synthesized by refluxing a solution of 2,4,6-tris(halomethyl)mesitylene (halo = chloro, bromo) with 3 equiv of commercially available 2,4-di- tert -butyl phenol and 0.5 equiv of ZnCl 2 in CHCl 3 (Scheme ). This procedure afforded the desired ligand as an analytically pure solid after recrystallization .…”

Scattering of HF Radio Waves from the Sea: A Review of the Theory Based upon a Simplified Model

“…Observations of sea-induced Doppler shifts on ionospherically propagated radio signals were reported by Tveten (1967) and Ward (1969). They suggested the possibility of mapping sea state over a wide area using analysis of ionospherically propagated, Doppler-shifted, backscattered radio waves.…”

Resonant backscatter from the sea and its application to physical oceanography

“…Tveten (1967) has published data taken at Boulder, Colorado, which enables the Florida Peninsula to be distinguished f r o m the surrounding sea by the Doppler shift imposed on t h e b a c k s c a t t e r e d s i g n a l s f r o m t h e s e a .…”