IoT-Based Intelligent Irrigation System for Paddy Crop Using an Internet-Controlled Water Pump

Abstract

IoT is a communal association of things or equipment that can interact with each other with the help of an internet connection. IoT services play an imperative responsibility in the industry of agriculture, which can feed 10 billion people worldwide by 2050. Irrigation systems are a backbone of agriculture that help to reduce wastage of water and decide the effective usage of water according to the specific crop and thereby increase the crop yield. In this paper, an irrigation system is developed to supervise the paddy crop field using sensors (soil moisture sensor, pH sensor, and flow sensor), and this irrigation system works based on the concept of IoT, so it is known as intelligent irrigation system (IIS). The soil condition data from sensors are sent to a web server database using wireless transmission to decide how much water needed. In the proposed server database, the data is saved, and the authors use the concept of a dashboard; it operates via http protocol to control water pump of farmland. The condition of soil is monitored based on the parameter of soil-like moisture and water flow amount using the IoT, which is capable to turn on/off water pumps. The used dashboard is developed using open source free server, namely “000webhost.” This paper has considered the paddy crop that is rice because water is essential for growth and development of rice plants. The experimental results show this system is more proficient than the existing conventional and unadventurous irrigation approach.

Evaluation of Automatic Irrigation System for Rice Cultivation and Sustainable Agriculture Water Management

“…The drip-irrigation system is advantageous in terms of reducing water consumption; however, water supply for rice crops in Korea comprises a supply system for continuous irrigation using water canals. Sharma and Kumar [29] proposed an irrigation system for paddy crops using IoT, which supplied water via a water pump based on soil moisture. Barkunan et al [30] proposed an automatic drip-irrigation system using a smart sensor for paddy cultivation.…”

“…The automation of irrigation systems is a water-saving technology [28]. However, few studies [29,30] have reported on automated irrigation systems for rice cultivation. In the future, a business model that can automate paddy water management will be required to counteract the aging problem of farmers.…”

Technological Innovations for Agricultural Production from an Environmental Perspective: A Review

“…These methods have enabled efficient analysis and modeling of hydrometeorological data, which is crucial for sustainable water management. In addition, the controlled management of irrigation systems through the Internet of Things (IoT) and the use of big data and machine learning have proven to be essential for more efficient and environmentally sustainable water management, reducing costs and ensuring water quality for human consumption [36][37][38]. Estimation of daily potato crop evapotranspiration using three different machine learning algorithms and four scenarios of available meteorological data.…”

The role of theoretical models in IoT-based irrigation systems: A Comparative Study of African and U.S. Agricultural Strategies for Water Scarcity Management

“…These systems can significantly contribute to the sustainability of water resources by ensuring that crops receive the precise amount of water needed, thus reducing waste and increasing crop yield. The significance of IoT-based irrigation systems is particularly pronounced in the context of water scarcity, a pressing issue that threatens food security, livelihoods, and overall agricultural productivity across the globe (Dickson & Amannah, 2023;Sharma & Kumar, 2021). This challenge is not confined to any single region but affects diverse agricultural landscapes, including both the arid zones of Africa and the water-stressed fields of the United States (Abioye et al, 2020).…”