IoT enabled Environmental Air Pollution Monitoring and Rerouting system using Machine learning algorithms

Abstract

Massive Internet of Things (IoT) is foretold to introduce surfeit of applications for a fully connected world. The increasingly degrading quality of air in several regions of the biosphere can be a reliable impact of human difficulties of increasing globalization and urbanization. Air pollution levels in many cities exceed legal and World Health Organization (WHO) limits for particulate matter and gaseous pollutants which can be found in concentrations that are hazardous to health. Regular acquaintance to high pollution intensities results in increase of humans affected from respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease and increased mortality. In most of the cities, there is no chance for peoples to apprehend the levels of pollution they are undergoing in their day-to-day lives which is necessary to reduce their risks from poor air quality conditions. The quality of air can be measured by using a parameter named Air quality index. The Key pollutants to calculate Air quality index are particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). This work deliberates the implementation of cloud based IoT system for air quality monitoring in which the sensors are used to calculate CO, PM2.5 and PM10, O3, SO2 and NOx pollution level with environmental condition like temperature and humidity. The obtained information can be updated in cloud platform using Lora nodes and Lora Gateway. The web-based application developed has a Google map API where the pollution status can be frequently updated. With the collected time series samples, the prediction analysis was done for PM with neural network Multi-Layer perceptron and support vector machine regression (SVMR) learning algorithm. This can helps a person to travel to any other places by automatically rerouting conditions in a pollution free environment.

The State-of-the-Art in Air Pollution Monitoring and Forecasting Systems Using IoT, Big Data, and Machine Learning

“…European Standards is also used in Lazrak et al [33]. Indian Standards are used in Moses et al [12] Monitoring and Re-routing system.…”

“…In [12], Moses et al used various sensors, MQ131 for Ozone, MQ7 for CO, 110-602 Sulphur dioxide electrochemical sensor, NO2, and PM2.5 sensors. These all are connected to NB-IoT (NarrowBand-Internet of Things) and Raspberry Pi.…”

“…Moses et al [12] Wang et al [71] proposed a data analysis and forecasting system for air pollution. The data used was taken from the Chinese air quality online monitoring and analysis platform using an API key.…”

“…These help in planning calculative strategies towards the problem [10]. For example, in [11], a low-cost setup was proposed using the Internet of Things (IoT) for monitoring purposes, whereas a similar approach was also made in [12] to monitor the data and further extended to a routing and predicting system. Studies mentioned in [13]- [15] are extended to examine what factors affect the problem more closely, what algorithms may improvise the forecasting feature, how to place the IoT setups, and how stable and economical the models are in real life.…”

Machine learning based Air Pollution Monitoring and predicting cause for pollution

“…Narrow band IoT network were deployed in smart cities that has been deployed for sensor data collection at various points. These collected data are estimated and transmitted by mobile broadband network [14].…”