IPPC and the Sevilla process

Emmott, N; Br, Stefani; Kraemer, Rodrigo

doi:10.1002/1099-0976(200007/08)10:4<204::aid-eet228>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…• the process of developing the BREFs at an EU level (Emmott et al, 2000); • the proposed revisions to the BPEO methodology, which aim to make it more accessible and to ensure its more widespread use (Maleham et al, 2000); • the increasing inclusion of economic information in the UK Guidance Notes; • the recent attempts at economic training for inspectors; • the moves to strengthen the role of individual sector groups within the Agency, thereby encouraging information sharing and consistency (Sorrell, 2001); and • the development of a database on abatement technologies and costs (Pollard, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The meaning of BATNEEC: interpreting excessive costs in UK industrial pollution regulation

Sorrell

2002

Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning

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The paper examines how the concept of 'excessive costs' has been interpreted in the implementation of industrial pollution control in the UK. Since 1984, industrial air pollution regulation in the EU has been guided by the framework concept of Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Costs (BATNEEC). With the introduction of the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive in 1996, this has been replaced by the concept of Best Available Techniques (BAT). Despite the absence of the NEEC qualification, IPPC BAT includes excessive costs in its definition of 'available'. Both concepts require interpretation and both devolve potentially controversial decisions to the level of the individual site regulator. A central issue in interpreting 'excessive costs' is the relative importance of environmental cost-benefit analysis versus the ability of a sector to 'afford' environmental improvements. Also important is how such concepts can be operationalized by regulators who lack resources and depend upon industry for information. The paper provides a historical account of how these issues have been dealt with in the UK and argues that the key difficulties are far from being resolved. The paper concludes by assessing the implications for the future implementation of IPPC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The meaning of BATNEEC: interpreting excessive costs in UK industrial pollution regulation

Sorrell

2002

Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning

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“…Often, stakeholders are consulted during policy making to increase transparency and to make legislation more targeted and coherent. Consultations-together with impact assessments, evaluations and expertise-are a key tool for policy making [43]. However, stakeholder involvement (citizens, SMEs, big enterprises, local authority, etc.)…”

Section: Classification: Types Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Holistic Sustainability Framework for Waste Management in European Cities: Concept Development

et al. 2018

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Waste management represents a challenge for public authorities due to many reasons such as increased waste generation following urban population growth, economic burdens imposed on the municipal budget, and nuisances inevitably caused to the environment and local inhabitants. To optimize the system from a sustainability perspective, moving the transition towards a more circular economy, a better understanding of the different stages of waste management is necessary. A review of recently developed sustainability frameworks for waste management showed that no single framework captures all the instruments needed to ultimately provide a solid basis for comprehensive analyses of the potential burdens associated with urban waste management. Bearing this limitation in mind, the objective of this research is to propose a conceptual and comprehensive sustainability framework to support decision-making in waste management of European cities. The framework comprises a combination of methods capable of identifying future strategies and scenarios, to assess different types of impacts based on a life cycle perspective, and considers the value of waste streams, the actors involved, and possible constraints of implementing scenarios. The social, economic, environmental, technical and political domains are covered, and special attention is paid to impacts affecting foremost the local population.

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“…Russia has deployed a massive disinformation campaign. A European Union document stated that a Russian campaign, in multiple languages, has spread “contradictory, confusing and malicious reports to make it harder for the EU to communicate its response to the pandemic.” 14 The Washington Post analyzed top-secret documents that were leaked from the U.S. Cyber Command, which focused on Russia’s Main Scientific Research Computing Center (GlavNIVT) and their network of disinformation known as Fabrika. Hundreds of thousands of bots were described with less than 1% being detected 15…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Violence and the Potential Promises and Harms of Artificial Intelligence

Kavanagh,

Pontus,

Cormier

2024

J Patient Saf

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Currently, the healthcare workplace is one of the most dangerous in the United States. Over a 3-month period in 2022, two nurses were assaulted every hour. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to prevent workplace violence by developing unique patient insights through accessing almost instantly a patient’s medical history, past institutional encounters, and possibly even their social media posts. De-escalating dialog can then be formulated, and hot-button topics avoided. AIs can also monitor patients in waiting areas for potential confrontational behavior. Many have concerns implementing AIs in healthcare. AIs are not expected to be 100% accurate, their performance is not compared with a computer but instead measured against humans. However, AIs are outperforming humans in many tasks. They are especially adept at taking standardized examinations, such as Board Exams, the Uniform Bar Exam, and the SAT and Graduate Record Exam. AIs are also performing diagnosis. Initial reports found that newer models have been observed to equal or outperform physicians in diagnostic accuracy and in the conveyance of empathy. In the area of interdiction, AI robots can both navigate and monitor for confrontational and illegal behavior. A human security agent would then be notified to resolve the situation. Our military is fielding autonomous AI robots to counter potential adversaries. For many, this new arms race has grave implications because of the potential of fielding this same security technology in healthcare and other civil settings. The healthcare delivery sector must determine the future roles of AI in relationship to human workers. AIs should only be used to support a human employee. AIs should not be the primary caregiver and a single human should not be monitoring multiple AIs simultaneously. Similar to not being copyrightable, disinformation produced by AIs should not be afforded ‘free speech’ protections. Any increase in productivity of an AI will equate with a loss of jobs. We need to ask, If all business sectors utilize AIs, will there be enough paid workers for the purchasing of services and products to keep our economy and society a float?

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IPPC and the Sevilla process

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The meaning of BATNEEC: interpreting excessive costs in UK industrial pollution regulation

The meaning of BATNEEC: interpreting excessive costs in UK industrial pollution regulation

A Holistic Sustainability Framework for Waste Management in European Cities: Concept Development

Healthcare Violence and the Potential Promises and Harms of Artificial Intelligence

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