Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence as a predictor of distant disease: implications for systemic therapy at the time of local relapse.

Haffty, Bruce G.; Reiß, Michael; Beinfield, Malcolm; Fischer, Dennis; Ward, Benjamin D.; McKhann, Charles F.

doi:10.1200/jco.1996.14.1.52

Cited by 185 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The same applied to the conservation of histological type and features of equal or lesser differentiation. On the other hand, we confirmed the notion that early recurrences, that is occurring within the first 2 years, are associated with more deaths than late ones (Fourquet et al, 1989;Fisher et al, 1991;Whelan et al, 1994;Veronesi et al, 1995;Haffty et al, 1996;Fredriksson et al, 2002). In our study the group of patients with early recurrences had primary tumours significantly more proliferating and ipsilateral breast tumour recurrences with a higher degree of nuclear polymorphism than the group of patients with late recurrences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Are ipsilateral breast tumour invasive recurrences in young (⩽40 years) women more aggressive than their primary tumours?

Sigal‐Zafrani

Antoni

et al. 2007

Br J Cancer

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The characteristics of ipsilateral breast tumour recurrences (IBTRs) relative to those of their primary tumours (PTs) remain scarcely studied. Of 70 young (p40 years) premenopausal women with IBTRs, we studied a series of 63 with paired histological data. Median follow-up since IBTR was 10 years. Rates of histological types, grades or hormonal receptors were not significantly different in PTs and in IBTRs. The concordance between IBTRs and their PTs was good for histological types. IBTRs with conserved histological types tended to occur more locally, but not significantly sooner than others. These IBTRs had good concordance for hormone receptors. In discordant cases there were as many losses as appearances of the receptors. The concordance was weak for grades, with equivalent numbers of IBTRs graded lower as higher than their PTs. The 10-year overall survival rate was 70%. Neither the conservation of histological type, location, nor of the two combined were associated with deaths. Early (o2 years) IBTRs, tended to be associated with poorer survival (HR ¼ 2.24 (0.92 -5.41); P ¼ 0.08). IBTRs did not display features of higher aggressiveness than PTs. Neither clinical nor histological definition of a true recurrence could be established other than the conservation of the histological type. British Journal of Cancer (2007) Breast-conserving treatments of early stage breast cancer exposes the patient to the risk of ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence (IBTR). The most important prognostic factor for local recurrence is the young age of the patient (Vrieling et al, 2003) and this remains true among young (o40 years old), premenopausal women treated either by surgery first (Bollet et al, 2007) or by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Oh et al, 2006). Many questions remain unanswered concerning the real nature of these ipsilateral breast tumour recurrences. We shall examine how different they are from primary tumours and whether there are clinical or histological factors to help distinguish between a re-growth of malignant cells not removed by surgery and not killed by radiotherapy (also called a true recurrence, TR) and a de novo malignancy arising from mammary epithelial cells of residual breast tissues (also known as new primary tumours, NP) (Haffty et al, 1993). Some have implied that ipsilateral breast tumour recurrences should display features of, at least as much aggressiveness (differentiation (Huang et al, 2002), ploidy (Haffty et al, 1993) and percentage of invasiveness (Haffty et al, 1993;Smith et al, 2000;Huang et al, 2002)) to qualify as true recurrences. We shall see whether biological evidence can be found to support this definition. Finally, we shall investigate whether the characteristics of ipsilateral breast tumour recurrences are associated with prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODSOut of a previously described series of 209 premenopausal women, younger than 40 years old, treated at the Institut Curie between 1985 and 1995 for early breast cancers (clinical T1-2, N0-1 ; Sobin and Wittekind, 2002) with primary brea...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Are ipsilateral breast tumour invasive recurrences in young (⩽40 years) women more aggressive than their primary tumours?

Sigal‐Zafrani

Antoni

et al. 2007

Br J Cancer

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“…3,10,22 Similar to the interval between mastectomy and chest wall recurrence, the interval between breast-conserving therapy and in-breast local recurrence has been shown to be a clinically significant prognostic factor. 23 With regard to survival, Whelan et al 24 found that a time to local recurrence of Ͻ 1 year was associated with a worse survival, whereas Doyle et al 10 found that a time to local recurrence of Ͻ 2 years and Haffty et al 25 found that a time to local recurrence of Ͻ 4 years was associated with worse survival. Patients with an early local recurrence are reported to subsequently develop distant metastases approximately 50% of the time.…”

Section: Survival After Mastectomy For In-breast Local Recurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Repeat breast‐conserving surgery for in‐breast local breast carcinoma recurrence

Kuerer

Arthur

Haffty

2004

Cancer

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Mastectomy is the current standard of care for in-breast local recurrence of breast carcinoma. The objective of the current study was to critically review the rationale for and the theoretic and actual risks and benefits of repeat breast-conserving surgery followed by partial breast irradiation (PBI) for in-breast local recurrence of breast carcinoma. The main outcomes of interest were local control and survival after in-breast local recurrence and side effects, complications, and cosmesis after reirradiation of the breast. The risk of local recurrence was not found to be eliminated with mastectomy; approximately 2-32% of patients treated with mastectomy develop a chest wall recurrence. The interpretation of local control rates in evaluating repeat breast-conserving surgery studies is difficult because of the lack of information regarding preoperative diagnostic mammography to rule out concurrent multicentric disease and microscopic margin status after surgery. Rates of subsequent local recurrence in these studies appeared to be between 19 -50%, similar to reported rates of in-breast local recurrence in patients with a first diagnosis of breast carcinoma who were treated with conservative surgery without irradiation. Early follow-up studies of breast reirradiation suggest that catheterbased interstitial brachytherapy and standard external beam radiation therapy can be delivered to the breast more than once without significant side effects in most patients and with acceptable cosmesis in some patients. Mastectomy may not be necessary in all patients with an in-breast local recurrence of breast carcinoma. KEYWORDS: recurrent breast carcinoma, breast surgery, radiation therapy, accelerated partial breast irradiation, three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, brachytherapy.A t present, the standard surgical approach for the treatment of in-breast local recurrence of breast carcinoma is mastectomy. The rationale for the general consensus for this recommendation is threefold. First, a third local recurrence after repeat conservative surgery is reported in approximately 35% of patients. Second, a second lumpectomy would yield a cosmetically unacceptable outcome. Third, reirradiation of the whole breast after breast-conserving surgery is considered inappropriate because of the likelihood of serious tissue damage. Recently, novel brachytherapy devices and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy techniques have brought accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) to the forefront as a potential treatment approach in women with in-breast local recurrence of 2269

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“…Short DFI was reported to be highly correlated with subsequent DM. 21,25,26,31,[41][42][43][44] These risk factors appear to reflect the inherent aggressive characteristics of primary tumors. 38,39 Thus the risk of developing DM would be predetermined before treatment, with local recurrence being a manifestation of this risk.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast‐conserving treatment for early breast cancer

Komoike

Akiyama

Iino

et al. 2005

Cancer

162

103

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BACKGROUNDThe clinical features of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast conserving therapy (BCT) for early stage breast cancer were analyzed from long‐term follow‐up of BCT in Japan. The purpose of this study was to clarify risk factors of IBTR and the impact of IBTR on development of distant metastases in this ethnic group.METHODSPatients (N = 1901)with unilateral breast cancer ≤ 3 cm in diameter who underwent BCT at 18 Japanese major breast cancer treatment institutes from 1986 to 1993 were registered in this study. Survival rates, the incidences of IBTR and distant metastases, and annual rates of IBTR and distant metastases after primary operation were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risks of IBTR and distant metastases. A Cox model was also used to estimate the risks of distant metastases after IBTR in the group of IBTR.RESULTSAt a median follow‐up time of 107 months, the 10‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates were 83.9% and 77.8%, respectively. The 10‐year cumulative rates of IBTR were 8.5% in the patients with postoperative irradiation and 17.2% in the patients without irradiation. The 10‐year cumulative distant metastasis rate was 10.9%. On multivariate analysis, young age, positive surgical margin, and omission of radiation therapy were significant predictors of IBTR. In addition, IBTR significantly correlated with subsequent distant metastases (hazard ratio, 3.93; 95% confidence interval, 2.676–5.771; P < 0.0001). Among patients who developed IBTR, initial lymph node metastases and short interval to IBTR were significant risk factors for subsequent distant metastasis.CONCLUSIONSYoung age, positive surgical margin, and omission of radiation therapy seemed to be important factors in relation to local control. The authors' results also indicated that IBTR is significantly associated with subsequent distant metastasis. Patients with positive nodal status at primary operation or with short interval from primary operation to IBTR are at especially high risk of distant metastasis. It remains unclear, however, whether IBTR is an indicator or a cause of subsequent distant metastases. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.

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Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence as a predictor of distant disease: implications for systemic therapy at the time of local relapse.

Cited by 185 publications

References 17 publications

Are ipsilateral breast tumour invasive recurrences in young (⩽40 years) women more aggressive than their primary tumours?

Are ipsilateral breast tumour invasive recurrences in young (⩽40 years) women more aggressive than their primary tumours?

Repeat breast‐conserving surgery for in‐breast local breast carcinoma recurrence

Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast‐conserving treatment for early breast cancer

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