Ipsilateral connections between the gustatory cortex, amygdala and parabrachial nucleus are necessary for acquisition and retrieval of conditioned taste aversion in rats

Bielavska, Edita; Roldán, Gabriel

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(96)00039-3

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…(*) p < 0.05 versus VEHICLE-SHOCK-NAIVE; () p < 0.05 versus TTX-SHOCK-NAIVE; n = 7-15 per group. Tassoni et al 1992;Roldan and Bures 1994;Bielavska and Roldan 1996). Others have shown that a concentration of TTX that is lower than that used in the present study is sufficient to induce amnesia (Roldan and Bures 1994).…”

Section: Learning and Memory 265contrasting

confidence: 43%

“…We used the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) to induce the reversible lesions because many studies investigating the neural correlates of learning and memory have shown that TTX is an effective method for temporarily inactivating a targeted structure Tassoni et al 1992Tassoni et al , 1999Tassoni et al , 2000Roldan and Bures 1994;Bielavska and Roldan 1996;Sacchetti et al 1999Sacchetti et al , 2002Bast et al 2001). More importantly, several studies have shown that inactivating the amygdala with TTX disrupts conditioned fear.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spared Anterograde Memory for Shock-Probe Fear Conditioning After Inactivation of the Amygdala

Lehmann

Treit²,

Parent³

2003

Learn. Mem.

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Previous studies have shown that amygdala lesions impair avoidance of an electrified probe. This finding has been interpreted as indicating that amygdala lesions reduce fear. It is unclear, however, whether amygdala-lesioned rats learn that the probe is associated with shock. If the lesions prevent the formation of this association, then pretraining reversible inactivation of the amygdala should impair both acquisition and retention performance. To test this hypothesis, the amygdala was inactivated (tetrodotoxin; TTX; 1 ng/side) before a shock-probe acquisition session, and retention was tested 4 d later. The data indicated that, compared with rats infused with vehicle, rats infused with TTX received more shocks during the acquisition session, but more importantly, were not impaired on the retention test. In Experiment 2, we assessed whether the spared memory on the retention test was caused by overtraining during acquisition. We used the same procedure as in Experiment 1, with the exception that the number of shocks the rats received during the acquisition session was limited to four. Again the data indicated that amygdala inactivation did not impair performance on the retention test. These results indicate that amygdala inactivation does not prevent the formation of an association between the shock and the probe and that shock-probe deficits during acquisition likely reflect the amygdala's involvement in other processes.The ability to learn and remember the relationships between aversive events and the stimuli that predict them is an adaptive capacity essential to the survival of animals. Fear conditioning, a paradigm in which the subject learns that an initially neutral stimulus is associated with a fear-eliciting stimulus or event, is typically used to study the neural mechanisms of learned fear. Extensive evidence indicates that the amygdala is involved in the learning and memory of conditioned fear. For instance, amygdala lesions may induce anterograde and retrograde amnesia for instrumental and Pavlovian fear conditioning (Liang et al. 1982;Dunn and Everitt 1988;Phillips and LeDoux 1992;Sananes and Davis 1992;Kim and Davis 1993;Parent et al. 1995a;LaBar and LeDoux 1996;Lee et al. 1996;Maren et al. 1996;Bermudez-Rattoni et al. 1997;Muller et al. 1997;Maren 1998Maren , 1999Poremba and Gabriel 1999;Wilensky et al. 1999;Antoniadis and McDonald 2001).In contrast, other evidence indicates that the amygdala is involved in, but not necessary for the retention of conditioned fear (Vanderwolf et al. 1988;Sutherland and McDonald 1990;Helmstetter 1992;Parent et al. 1992Parent et al. , 1995bHelmstetter and Bellgowan 1994;Killcross et al. 1997;Cahill et al. 2000;Lehmann et al. 2000). For example, we recently demonstrated that the amygdala does not appear to be necessary for retrograde memory for cued fear conditioning (Lehmann et al. 2000). The findings showed that rats given amygdala lesions 4 d after being exposed to an electrified probe did not show any deficits when memory was tested after the induction of the lesi...

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Section: Learning and Memory 265contrasting

confidence: 43%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spared Anterograde Memory for Shock-Probe Fear Conditioning After Inactivation of the Amygdala

Lehmann

Treit²,

Parent³

2003

Learn. Mem.

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“…Prior lesion-behavioral studies suggest that CTA acquisition requires the cooperation of ipsilateral cortical and subcortical connections (Bielavska and Roldan 1996;Gallo and Bures 1991). Acquisition of a CTA proceeds normally when the amygdala and cortex are intact in the same hemisphere, but fails when the lesions are made in opposite hemispheres.…”

Section: Implications For Ingestive Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity in the Hypothalamus, Amygdala, and Cortex Generates Bilateral and Convergent Modulation of Pontine Gustatory Neurons

Lundy

Norgren

2004

Journal of Neurophysiology

101

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Lundy, Robert F., Jr. and Ralph Norgren. Activity in the hypothalamus, amygdala, and cortex generates bilateral and convergent modulation of pontine gustatory neurons. J Neurophysiol 91: 1143-1157, 2004. First published November 19, 2003 10.1152/jn.00840.2003. Evidence suggests that centrifugal modulation of brain stem gustatory cells might play a role in the elaboration of complex taste-guided behaviors like conditioned taste aversion and sodium appetite. We previously showed that activity in one forebrain area, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), increased the chemical selectivity of taste cells in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). The present study investigates how activity in 2 other similarly interconnected forebrain sites, the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and gustatory cortex (GC), might influence PBN gustatory processing in rats. The potential convergence of descending inputs from these sites, as well as the CeA, was also evaluated. After anesthesia (35 mg/kg Nembutal ip), 70 PBN gustatory neurons were tested before, during, and after electrical stimulation of these forebrain sites, while responding to 0.3 M sucrose, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M citric acid, and 0.003 M QHCl. Although each forebrain site modulated taste-evoked responses, more PBN neurons were influenced by stimulation of the GC (67%) and CeA (73%) than of the LH (48%). Activation of cortex (71%) and amygdala (85%) most often produced inhibition, whereas inhibition and excitation occurred equally often during hypothalamic stimulation. Of the neurons tested for convergence (n ϭ 60), 88% were influenced by Ն1 of the 3 sites. Twenty were modulated by stimulation at all 3 sites and another 17 by 2 of the 3 sites. The net effect of centrifugal modulation was to sharpen the across-stimulus response profiles of PBN cells, particular with regard to the NaCl-and citric acid-best cells.

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“…Other studies have suggested that CTA memory acquisition in the IC requires an intact BLA [200] and combined IC and BLA reversible or permanent lesions induce stronger CTA impairment than IC or BLA lesions alone [130,193,[201][202][203].…”

Section: The Role Of the Amygdala In Taste Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Insular Cortex and the Amygdala: Shared Functions and Interactions

Moraga-Amaro¹,

Stehberg²

2012

The Amygdala - A Discrete Multitasking Manager

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Ipsilateral connections between the gustatory cortex, amygdala and parabrachial nucleus are necessary for acquisition and retrieval of conditioned taste aversion in rats

Cited by 58 publications

References 19 publications

Spared Anterograde Memory for Shock-Probe Fear Conditioning After Inactivation of the Amygdala

Spared Anterograde Memory for Shock-Probe Fear Conditioning After Inactivation of the Amygdala

Activity in the Hypothalamus, Amygdala, and Cortex Generates Bilateral and Convergent Modulation of Pontine Gustatory Neurons

The Insular Cortex and the Amygdala: Shared Functions and Interactions

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