Iron–sulfur clusters in nucleic acid metabolism: Varying roles of ancient cofactors

Khodour, Yara; Kaguni, Laurie S.; Stiban, Johnny

doi:10.1016/bs.enz.2019.08.003

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…Besides ferritin, another aspect to be considered in viral infections is the impact of iron overload. Iron is required for viral replication and other processes including mitochondrial function, ATP generation, DNA/RNA synthesis and repair and cell survival/ferroptosis [ 70 ]. For instance, the activity of the helicases of the SARS-CoV for viral replication requires ATP hydrolysis that in turn needs the presence of iron [ 71 ].…”

Section: Ferritin In Inflammation and Viral Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 as part of the hyperferritinemic syndromes: the role of iron depletion therapy

et al. 2020

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SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a protean clinical picture that can range from asymptomatic patients to life-threatening conditions. Severe COVID-19 patients often display a severe pulmonary involvement and develop neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and strikingly elevated levels of IL-6. There is an over-exuberant cytokine release with hyperferritinemia leading to the idea that COVID-19 is part of the hyperferritinemic syndrome spectrum. Indeed, very high levels of ferritin can occur in other diseases including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, macrophage activation syndrome, adult-onset Still’s disease, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome and septic shock. Numerous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of ferritin and its association with mortality and sustained inflammatory process. High levels of free iron are harmful in tissues, especially through the redox damage that can lead to fibrosis. Iron chelation represents a pillar in the treatment of iron overload. In addition, it was proven to have an anti-viral and anti-fibrotic activity. Herein, we analyse the pathogenic role of ferritin and iron during SARS-CoV-2 infection and propose iron depletion therapy as a novel therapeutic approach in the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Ferritin In Inflammation and Viral Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 as part of the hyperferritinemic syndromes: the role of iron depletion therapy

et al. 2020

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“…For the host, iron is an essential trace element necessary for many fundamental enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions and diverse physiological processes, such as mitochondrial function including ATP generation, DNA/RNA synthesis and repair, and cell survival/ferroptosis [25]. Iron is also essential for viral replication.…”

Section: Iron Dependence Of Viral Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depriving Iron Supply to the Virus Represents a Promising Adjuvant Therapeutic Against Viral Survival

Liu

Zhang

Nekhai

et al. 2020

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

141

170

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Purpose of the review The ongoing outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in China is lifting widespread concerns. Thus, therapeutic options are urgently needed, and will be discussed in this review. Recent findings Iron-containing enzymes are required for viruses most likely including coronaviruses (CoVs) to complete their replication process. Moreover, poor prognosis occurred in the conditions of iron overload for patients upon infections of viruses. Thus, limiting iron represents a promising adjuvant strategy in treating viral infection through oral uptake or venous injection of iron chelators, or through the manipulation of the key iron regulators. For example, treatment with iron chelator deferiprone has been shown to prolong the survival of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Increasing intracellular iron efflux via increasing iron exporter ferroportin expression also exhibits antiviral effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The implications of other metals besides iron are also briefly discussed. Summary For even though we know little about iron regulation in COVID-19 patients thus far, it could be deduced from other viral infections that iron chelation might be an alternative beneficial adjuvant in treating COVID-19.

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“…Regarding iron supplementation, systemic inflammatory processes as happens with severe COVID 19 decrease the availability of iron. Furthermore, iron is also essential for viral replication (126). In addition, patients with viral infections and iron overload have a poor prognosis.…”

Section: Anemia Management Esas and Covid 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Pathophysiology and Current Treatments, to Future Agents

et al. 2021

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Anemia is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is associated with a reduced quality of life, and an increased morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms involved in anemia associated to CKD are diverse and complex. They include a decrease in endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) production, absolute and/or functional iron deficiency, and inflammation with increased hepcidin levels, among others. Patients are most commonly managed with oral or intravenous iron supplements and with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA). However, these treatments have associated risks, and sometimes are insufficiently effective. Nonetheless, in the last years, there have been some remarkable advances in the treatment of CKD-related anemia, which have raised great expectations. On the one hand, a novel family of drugs has been developed: the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs). These agents induce, among other effects, an increase in the production of endogenous EPO, improve iron availability and reduce hepcidin levels. Some of them have already received marketing authorization. On the other hand, recent clinical trials have elucidated important aspects of iron supplementation, which may change the treatment targets in the future. This article reviews the current knowledge of the pathophysiology CKD-related anemia, current and future therapies, the trends in patient management and the unmet goals.

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Iron–sulfur clusters in nucleic acid metabolism: Varying roles of ancient cofactors

Cited by 29 publications

References 190 publications

COVID-19 as part of the hyperferritinemic syndromes: the role of iron depletion therapy

COVID-19 as part of the hyperferritinemic syndromes: the role of iron depletion therapy

Depriving Iron Supply to the Virus Represents a Promising Adjuvant Therapeutic Against Viral Survival

Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Pathophysiology and Current Treatments, to Future Agents

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