Irradiation affects the structural, cellular and molecular components of jawbones

P, Sridhar Reddy; Kashyap, Bina; Dekker, Hannah; Mikkonen, Jarno E.; Palander, Anni; Bravenboer, Nathalie; Kullaa, Arja

doi:10.1080/09553002.2022.2013568

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Osteocytes have shown a decrease in density, though they are relatively radioresistant and remain viable for several days following radiation with compromised function. 33,34 The long-term depletion of osteoclasts and delay in the recruitment and differentiation of new osteoblast following radiation has been shown previously. 32 Irradiation produces an increase in the free radicals and alters collagen synthesis, resulting in an imbalance in the bone hemostasis where the bone loses its normal cellularity and undergoes fibrosis-atrophy with impairment of its repair and remodeling capacity.…”

Section: àmentioning

confidence: 66%

Irradiation Induced Biochemical Changes in Human Mandibular Bone: A Raman Spectroscopic Study

et al. 2022

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Understanding the biochemical changes in irradiated human mandible after radiotherapy of cancer patients is critical for oral rehabilitation. The underlying mechanism for radiation-associated changes in the bone at the molecular level could lead to implant failure and osteoradionecrosis. The study aimed to assess the chemical composition and bone quality in irradiated human mandibular bone using Raman spectroscopy. A total of 33 bone biopsies from 16 control and 17 irradiated patients were included to quantify biochemical parameters from Raman spectra. The differences of bone mineral and matrix band intensities between control and irradiated groups were analyzed using unpaired student's t-test with statistical significance at p<0.05. The intensity of the phosphate band is significantly decreased and the carbonate band is significantly increased in the irradiated group. Further, the mineral crystallinity and carbonate to phosphate ratio are increased and the mineral to matrix ratio is decreased in the irradiated group. The Principal Component Analysis plotting based on the local radiation dose and biopsy time interval of irradiated samples did not show any specific classification between irradiation sub-groups. Irradiation disrupted the interaction and bonding between the organic matrix and hydroxyapatite minerals that may affect the deterioration of bone biochemical properties. However, the normal clinical appearance of irradiated bone would have been accompanied by underlying biochemical and microscopical changes which might result in radiation-induced delayed complications.

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Section: àmentioning

confidence: 66%

Irradiation Induced Biochemical Changes in Human Mandibular Bone: A Raman Spectroscopic Study

et al. 2022

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“…19 Studies have indicated that post-radiation changes in bone and its microenvironment are associated with either inhibition or diminished bone formation. 20,21 Ionizing radiation is damaging to jaw bones due to the formation of hypo-vascular, hypo-cellular, and hypoxic bony tissue. 20 It can also affect the healing ability of the bone by mitigating the inflammatory process associated with residual periapical infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,21 Ionizing radiation is damaging to jaw bones due to the formation of hypo-vascular, hypo-cellular, and hypoxic bony tissue. 20 It can also affect the healing ability of the bone by mitigating the inflammatory process associated with residual periapical infection. It has also been demonstrated that radiation can cause functional impairment of the dental pulp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have indicated that post‐radiation changes in bone and its microenvironment are associated with either inhibition or diminished bone formation 20,21 . Ionizing radiation is damaging to jaw bones due to the formation of hypo‐vascular, hypo‐cellular, and hypoxic bony tissue 20 . It can also affect the healing ability of the bone by mitigating the inflammatory process associated with residual periapical infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of acute periapical abscesses in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy

Katz,

Ensz,

Rotstein

2024

Special Care in Dentistry

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AimsHead and neck cancer is a serious condition affecting the life of patients. Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat such conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of acute periapical abscesses (PAs) in patients who received radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.Methods and resultsData on acute PAs and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) diagnosis with or without a history of radiation therapy (RAD) was retrieved by searching the appropriate query in the database. All cases were diagnosed for acute PAs by calibrated dentists for patients admitted to urgent care. The odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of acute PAs and its association with a history of OPC with or without RAD were then calculated. Adjustment for comorbidities such as diabetes, smoking and gingival and periodontal diseases was also done. The prevalence of acute PAs in patients with a history of OPC was significantly higher as compared to the general hospital patient population (OR 2.92, 95%CI, p < .0001). Males were more affected than females and whites were more affected than African Americans and other ethnicities. The prevalence for PAs in patients with a history of OPC and RAD was higher and the difference in prevalence was statistically significant (OR 3.61, 95%CI, p < .0001). Whites were more affected than African Americans by more than 3.5‐fold. Adjustment for diabetes comorbidly affected mainly the OPC + RAD group, however, the difference remained statistically significant. Adjustment for smoking and gingival and periodontal disease reduced the OR but the difference remained statistically different.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of acute PAs in patients with a history of OPC and RAD may suggest an association between these conditions warranting a meticulous medical and dental examination.

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“…Clinical radiotherapy is one of the most effective and indispensable methods for cancer treatment modalities, but ionizing radiation inevitably causes damage to normal tissues near the tumor, including bone tissues [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Indeed, demineralization of bone, thinning of bones, sclerosis and loss of trabecular connections have been described following radiotherapy [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Induces Bone Microenvironment Disruption by Activating the STING-TBK1 Pathway

Wang

Ren

et al. 2023

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Damage to normal bone tissue following therapeutic irradiation (IR) represents a significant concern, as IR-induced bone microenvironment disruption can cause bone loss and create a more favorable environment for tumor metastases. The aim of the present study was to explore the cellular regulatory mechanism of IR-induced bone microenvironment disruption to effectively prevent radiotherapy-associated adverse effects in the future. Materials and Methods: In this study, a mouse model of local IR was established via local irradiation of the left hind limb of BALB/c mice with 12 Gy X-rays, and an in vitro osteocyte (OCY) model was established by exposing osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells to 2, 4, and 8 Gy irradiation to analyze multicellular biological injuries and cellular senescence. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection at the cellular level and a selective antagonist intervention C-176 at the animal level were used to explore the potential role of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) on IR-induced bone microenvironment disruption. Results: The results showed that 12 Gy local IR induces multicellular dysfunction, manifested as ascension of OCYs exfoliation, activation of osteoclastogenesis, degeneration of osteogenesis and fate conversion of adipogenesis, as well as cellular senescence and altered senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secretion. Furthermore, the expression of STING was significantly elevated, both in the primary OCYs harvested from locally irradiated mice and in vitro irradiated MLO-Y4 cells, accompanied by the markedly upregulated levels of phosphorylated TANK-binding kinase 1 (P-TBK1), RANKL and sclerostin (SOST). STING-siRNA transfection in vitro restored IR-induced upregulated protein expression of P-TBK1 and RANKL, as well as the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-6 and NF-κB, accompanied by the alleviation of excessive osteoclastogenesis. Finally, administration of the STING inhibitor C-176 mitigated IR-induced activation of osteoclastogenesis and restraint of osteogenesis, ameliorating the IR-induced biological damage of OCYs, consistent with the inhibition of P-TBK1, RANKL and SOST. Conclusions: The STING-P-TBK1 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis potential in IR-induced bone microenvironment disruption. The selective STING antagonist can be used to intervene to block the STING pathway and, thereby, repair IR-induced multicellular biological damage and mitigate the imbalance between osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastgenesis.

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Irradiation affects the structural, cellular and molecular components of jawbones

Cited by 5 publications

References 121 publications

Irradiation Induced Biochemical Changes in Human Mandibular Bone: A Raman Spectroscopic Study

Irradiation Induced Biochemical Changes in Human Mandibular Bone: A Raman Spectroscopic Study

Prevalence of acute periapical abscesses in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy

Radiation Induces Bone Microenvironment Disruption by Activating the STING-TBK1 Pathway

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