Irreversibility analysis in an electro‐osmotically driven flow using ternary hybrid nanofluids in a microchannel with a porous material

Abstract

Flow enhancement is one of the most significant challenges in microfluidics with extremely low permeability. Based on this, electrokinetics remediation for the double‐layer flow of hybrid ternary nanofluid is proposed based on the transport of ions under constant pumping pressure. The entropy generation volumetric rate relation is also modeled. The nonlinear system of equations is formulated, solved, and validated numerically by the collocation method and shooting Runge–Kutta method. Results are shown graphically to explore the impacts of governing parameters, such as the Darcy parameter, viscosity index, electrokinetic, and Joule heating effects, on the velocity, temperature, entropy, and Bejan number profiles. The flow and heat transmission in microchannels may be significantly changed and controlled by the electric double layer. The findings show that as the electrokinetic parameter's magnitude increases, the flow is slowed down, and thermal dispersion is impeded by nanoparticle collisions, which lowers the velocity field and heat transfer profile.