Irrigant flow within a prepared root canal using various flow rates: a Computational Fluid Dynamics study

Boutsioukis, C.; Lambrianidis, T.; Kastrinakis, E. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01503.x

Cited by 210 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Currently, several techniques and systems are available and reported to improve final irrigation before obturation [27]. The recommended combination is a final rinse of 15% or 17% EDTA solution followed by 1%-6% of NaOCl [12,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the XP-Endo Finisher File System and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) on Smear Layer Removal after Root Canal Instrumentation Effectiveness of Two Irrigation Methods on Smear Layer Removal

Moldauer¹

2017

Journal of Dentistry & Oral Health

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different final irrigant activation methods in removing the smear layer at 3 and 7 mm from the apex.Methods: Thirty-six extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars were instrumented by a reciprocating Wave-One 40.08 (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland) and irrigated with 2.5ml. 2.5% NaOCl at 37 C°. Teeth were divided into four groups according to the final irrigant activation technique (Group 1: XP-Endo Finisher File NaOCl 2.5% /EDTA 17%; Group 2: XP-Endo Finisher File NaOCl 2.5%; Group 3: passive ultrasonic irrigation [PUI] NaOCl 2.5% /EDTA 17% and Group 4: PUI-NaOCl 2.5%). Root canals were then split longitudinally and observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The percentage of area of open dentinal tubules was evaluated. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and two factor ANOVA.Results: In all groups, the middle third of the roots demonstrated a significant higher percentage of dentinal tubules free of smear layer compared to the apical third (p<0.05). The XP Endo-finisher NaOCl/EDTA group showed a higher percentage of open dentinal tubules for the middle and apical thirds (P < 0.001). Group 3 (PUI NaOCl/EDTA) removed more smear layer at both root thirds than groups 2 (XP Endo-finisher NaOCl) and 4 (PUI NaOCl) respectively (p<0.001).Conclusions: None of the systems eliminated the smear layer; nevertheless, the XP-Endo-finisher NaOCl/EDTA group was more effective than PUI with and without EDTA for smear layer removal at both middle and apical canal thirds.Clinical significance: The use of the XP-Endo-finisher file system is an effective method for smear layer removal after root canal instrumentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the XP-Endo Finisher File System and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) on Smear Layer Removal after Root Canal Instrumentation Effectiveness of Two Irrigation Methods on Smear Layer Removal

Moldauer¹

2017

Journal of Dentistry & Oral Health

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“…It is well known that needle irrigation is relatively ineffective in the apical portion of the root canal, because traditional needle irrigation delivers solutions no further than 1 mm past the tip of the needle. 25,26 Furthermore, hand needle irrigation alone was not able to create sufficient volume and flow of the irrigant in closed canal systems. 27 In the closed canal system, irrigant extrusion beyond 1-1.5 mm of the needle could have generated a liquid film along the air bubble-canal wall interface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Zhu

Yin²,

Chang

et al. 2013

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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Objective: The Er:YAG laser with photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) technique was reported to be effective in root canal disinfection. This study attempted to further investigate the antibacterial efficacy and smear layer removal ability of PIPS in comparison with conventional syringe irrigation in vitro. Methods: For antibacterial analysis, 48 single-rooted human teeth were prepared and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and then divided into six groups of eight roots each. The colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter were determined after infection as the baseline. Then, the teeth were subjected to either PIPS plus 3% sodium hypochlorite (PIPS + NaOCl) or conventional syringe irrigation with 0.9% saline, 3% NaOCl, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), or 3% NaOCl alternating with 17% EDTA. The reduction of CFUs in the individual group was determined. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the canal walls for E. faecalis colonization was performed. For comparing the smear removal efficacy, another 48 single-rooted teeth, assigned to different groups as mentioned, were irrigated after mechanical instrumentation. The presence of a smear layer at different levels of the root canal was scored by SEM examination. Results: No significant differences were found in CFU reduction. No bacteria could be observed by SEM in the NaOCl, NaOCl + EDTA, and PIPS + NaOCl groups. The scores of smear layer of the NaOCl + EDTA and PIPS + NaOCl groups were significantly lower than those of the other groups in the coronal and middle third of the root canal. None of the methods can effectively remove smear layer in the apical third. Conclusions: PIPS system supplied with NaOCl and conventional syringe irrigation with NaOCl + EDTA are comparable in their ability to remove E. faecalis and smear layer in single-rooted canals.

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“…The SideVented needle (Canal Clean) 30 gauge, the EndoVac System (Discus Dental, Culver City, CA), the EndoActivator System (EA) (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK), Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) (Acteon Group Ltd, Merignac, France) systems were used. The Sideventedneedle30 gauge is inserted until resistance was felt and then reducing 1mm to prevent obliteration of the root canal lumen [12,13] . The EndoVac is an irrigation system which is works on apical negative pressure, to deliver the irrigantsat the apical third of the root canal and to remove debris via a negative pressure mechanism [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Evaluation of Different Irrigating System for Removal of Modified Triple Antibiotic Pastefrom Root Canal- An In Vitro Study.

Changlani¹,

Parekh²,

Desai³

et al. 2017

IOSR JDMS

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Irrigant flow within a prepared root canal using various flow rates: a Computational Fluid Dynamics study

Abstract: Irrigation needles should be placed to within 1 mm from working length to ensure fluid exchange. Turbulent flow of irrigant leads to more efficient irrigant replacement. CFD represents a powerful tool for the study of irrigation.

Cited by 210 publications

References 44 publications

Comparison of the XP-Endo Finisher File System and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) on Smear Layer Removal after Root Canal Instrumentation Effectiveness of Two Irrigation Methods on Smear Layer Removal

Comparison of the XP-Endo Finisher File System and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) on Smear Layer Removal after Root Canal Instrumentation Effectiveness of Two Irrigation Methods on Smear Layer Removal

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

A Comparative Evaluation of Different Irrigating System for Removal of Modified Triple Antibiotic Pastefrom Root Canal- An In Vitro Study.

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