Irrigation and Mineral Fertilizer Effects on Physical Properties of Light Chestnut Soil Used in the Cultivation of Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris L.)

Abstract

This work studied the effect of irrigation and mineral fertilizers on the physical properties of light chestnut soil used in cultivating sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The experiment happened in 2021 on an irrigated field with an area of 2 ha in the territory of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, District Karasai, Almaty region, Kazakhstan. A sugar beet hybrid (obtained from domestic selection ‘Aksu’ and foreign selection ‘Yampol’) cultivation used four levels of mineral fertilizers, i.e., 0:0:0 (control), 90:90:60, 120:120:90, and 150:150:120 NPK kg ha-1. During the sugar beet growing season, all periods of observations recorded an increase in the bulk density in the upper, middle, and lower soil layers, from 1.14–1.27 g/cm3 to 1.31–1.48 g/cm3. The content of agronomically valuable aggregates in 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm soil layers decreased from the germination phase to harvesting of sugar beet in extensive technology (10.0%–15.7%) and intensive technologies (2.3%–13.1%). In these soil layers, the number of water-stable aggregates decreased from the beginning of renewal to the end of the growing season of sugar beet in technology without the use of fertilizers (2.9%–6.4%) and in technologies with the application of mineral fertilizers (1.6%–7.6%). In the soil layers, the noted highest content of productive moisture occurred in the phase of closing the leaves in the rows with the extensive technology of sugar beet cultivation (51.5–213.2 mm). Irrigation during the sugar beet growing season reduces the content of agronomically-valuable and water-stable aggregates in soil layers to the minimum values for harvesting in technology without the use of fertilizers (50.5%–54.4% and 12.9%–14.2%) and technology with the use of mineral fertilizers (52.3%–54.4% and 10.9%–13.5%), respectively.

Dynamics of Fertility Indicators of Light-Chestnut Soil and Oil Flax Productivity Under Bogarian Conditions of Southeast Kazakhstan

“…At the end of the oilseed flax growing season, the crop yield based on the various experimental variants was apparent. Past studies pointed out that in the conditions of the North Caucasus, with a low supply of soil with nutrients, the optimal fertilizer norm was N60P60K60, with an average of N30P30K30 or N30P30 (Sheudzhen et al, 2007;Bastaubayeva et al, 2023;Makenova et al, 2023).…”

State and Prospects of Mineral Fertilizers Use in Agriculture of Kazakhstan

“…55(3): 886-895. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.23. A significant part of arable lands is illustrative of low content of humus and mobile forms of nitrogen, with more than half of the area insufficiently provided with mobile forms of phosphorus (Klebanovich et al, 2016;Bastaubayeva et al, 2023;Sabra et al, 2023). In Kazakhstan, the prolonged illogical land use in agriculture leads to annual losses of humus (0.5-1.4 t ha -1 ), causing dehumidification and soil fertility loss (25%-30%) of the original, and it reflected a decrease in productivity of arable land and boost the wind and water erosion processes.…”

Heterotic Effects of Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) Hybrids for Root Yield and Sugar Content

“…In sugar beet selection and development of new hybrids, one of the critical problems is having an adaptive complex of economically valuable traits capable of realizing the genetic potential inherent in them under adverse environmental conditions, with a minimal decline in productivity (Bastaubayeva et al, 2023). Concrete progress in sugar beet assortment these days is impractical without engaging advanced technology to develop the base material resistant to adverse environmental conditions (Zhuchenko, 2001;Maui et al, 2016).…”