Is covid-19 settling into a pattern?

Looi, Mun-Keat

doi:10.1136/bmj.o2183

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“… 6 The explosion of reinfections caused by Omicron and its subvariants stems from the evasion of both natural and vaccine-induced immunity, often within weeks after the previous episode, thus challenging the current reinfection case definition of at least 90 days. 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 Several studies 23 , 24 , 25 have indicated that children infected with Omicron are less likely to experience severe disease that requires hospitalization. This finding may reflect less aggressive features of the Omicron variant and/or natural immunity from undetected prior infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, Risk, and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in Children and Adolescents Between March 2020 and July 2022 in Serbia

et al. 2023

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ImportanceDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, children and adolescents were massively infected worldwide. In 2022, reinfections became a main feature of the endemic phase of SARS-CoV-2, so it is important to understand the epidemiology and clinical impact of reinfections.ObjectiveTo assess the incidence, risk, and severity of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used epidemiologic data of documented SARS-CoV-2 infections from the surveillance database of the Institute for Public Health of Vojvodina. A total of 32 524 children and adolescents from Vojvodina, Serbia, with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 6, 2020, and April 30, 2022, were followed up for reinfection until July 31, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence rates of documented SARS-CoV-2 reinfection per 1000 person-months, estimated risk of documented reinfection 90 days or more after laboratory confirmation of primary infection, reinfection severity, hospitalizations, and deaths.ResultsThe study cohort included 32 524 children and adolescents with COVID-19 (mean [SD] age, 11.2 [4.9] years; 15 953 [49.1%] male), including 964 children (3.0%) who experienced documented reinfection. The incidence rate of documented reinfections was 3.2 (95% CI, 3.0-3.4) cases per 1000 person-months and was highest in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (3.4; 95% CI, 3.2-3.7). Most reinfections (905 [93.9%]) were recorded in 2022. The cumulative reinfection risk was 1.3% at 6 months, 1.9% at 9 months, 4.0% at 12 months, 6.7% at 15 months, 7.2% at 18 months, and 7.9% after 21 months. Pediatric COVID-19 cases were generally mild. The proportion of severe clinical forms decreased from 14 (1.4%) in initial episodes to 3 (0.3%) in reinfections. Reinfected children were approximately 5 times less likely to have severe disease during reinfection compared with initial infection (McNemar odds ratio, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.0-0.8). Pediatric reinfections rarely led to hospitalization (0.5% vs 1.3% during primary infections), and none resulted in death.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found that the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection risk remained substantially lower for children and adolescents compared with adults as of July 2022. Pediatric infections were mild, and reinfections were even milder than primary infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, Risk, and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in Children and Adolescents Between March 2020 and July 2022 in Serbia

et al. 2023

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“…However, the information reported here was largely based on full vaccination (typically two cycles) with the original index-SARS-CoV-2 virus-based vaccines. This was also collected during periods when SARS-COV-2 alpha and delta variants of concern were prevalent ( Looi, 2022 Sep 15 ) and most people appeared to be natural-infection naïve ( Table 3 ) and respond consistently over time and between vaccine cycles ( Tallantyre et al, 2022a , Tallantyre et al, 2022b , König et al, 2022 ). Therefore, the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant, may have had limited impact on the vaccine responses seen ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Sphingosine-one-phosphate Receptor Modulators Used In Multip...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Baker

Forte

Pryce

et al. 2023

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

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“…The pandemic is now centred around new variants and waning immunity, with an emphasis on regular booster jabs, particularly tweaked to the new variants, to top up immunity 8. This is not dissimilar to the yearly flu jab, although the speed at which new covid variants are emerging is a problem for the development of new booster vaccine formulations.…”

Section: How Is Vaccination Handled?mentioning

confidence: 99%

How similar is covid-19 to the flu?

Stokel-Walker

2022

BMJ

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How similar is covid-19 to the flu? Chris Stokel-Walker asks whether what we've learnt about covid-19 makes the comparison to influenza fair and correct Chris Stokel-Walker, How have people compared covid-19 and influenza?For those who sought to downplay the severity of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, "just like the flu" was a way to express how they thought that lockdown measures were over the top.

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Is covid-19 settling into a pattern?

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Incidence, Risk, and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in Children and Adolescents Between March 2020 and July 2022 in Serbia

Incidence, Risk, and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in Children and Adolescents Between March 2020 and July 2022 in Serbia

The impact of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

How similar is covid-19 to the flu?

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