Is Digital Text-Watermarking the Long-Desired User Friendly Digital Rights Management? Copyright and Fundamental Values from a Comparative Perspective

Lai, Jessica C.; Graber, Christoph B.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2703815

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As for the insertion attack, we randomly remove the 10% of the words. 5 Replacement. In a replacement attack, a set of words in the watermarked text are replaced with other words [54,61].…”

Section: Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up until now, the techniques used to protect IP and prevent illegal use, like digital rights management (DRM) and technical protection measures (TPM), also prevent legal or permitted uses of the copyrighted digital contents [3,4], by representing a strong limit in terms of freedom of information and expression of the user. In [5], Lai and Graber point out the complexity to reach a fair balance among IP rights and freedom of expression and information. In particular, the authors compare the need of the IP owners and privacy and freedom of choice of the users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fine-grain watermarking for intellectual property protection

Rizzo

Bertini

Montesi

2019

EURASIP J. on Info. Security

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current online digital world, consisting of thousands of newspapers, blogs, social media, and cloud file sharing services, is providing easy and unlimited access to a large treasure of text contents. Making copies of these text contents is simple and virtually costless. As a result, producers and owners of text content are interested in the protection of their intellectual property (IP) rights. Digital watermarking has become crucially important in the protection of digital contents. Out of all, text watermarking poses many challenges, since text is characterized by a low capacity to embed a watermark and allows only a restricted number of alternative syntactic and semantic permutations. This becomes even harder when authors want to protect not just a whole book or article, but each single sentence or paragraph, a problem well known to copyright law. In this paper, we present a fine-grain text watermarking method that protects even small portions of the digital content. The core method is based on homoglyph characters substitution for latin symbols and whitespaces. It allows to produce a watermarked version of the original text, preserving the anonymity of the users according to the right to privacy. In particular, the embedding and extraction algorithms allow to continuously protect the watermark through the whole document in a fine-grain fashion. It ensures visual indistinguishability and length preservation, meaning that it does not cause overhead to the original document, and it is robust to the copy and past of small excerpts of the text. We use a real dataset of 1.8 million New York articles to evaluate our method. We evaluate and compare the robustness against common attacks, and we propose a new measure for partial copy and paste robustness. The results show the effectiveness of our approach providing an average length of 101 characters needed to embed the watermark and allowing to protect paragraph-long excerpt or smaller the 94.5% of the times.

show abstract

“…As for the insertion attack, we randomly remove the 10% of the words. 5 Replacement. In a replacement attack, a set of words in the watermarked text are replaced with other words [54,61].…”

Section: Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%