Is History Fiction?

γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase-catalyzed synthesis of naturally occurring flavor enhancers

“…Because it is known that mammalian GGTs show maximum hydrolase activity at neutral pH, whereas transpeptidase activity is favored at basic pH values [10][11][12], the pH dependence of transpeptidase activity of equine kidney GGT was tested between pH 8 and 11. Results reported in Fig.…”

“…As the optimal pH values for hydrolase and transpeptidase activity of most GGTs are different [10][11][12], one activity can be selectively enhanced over the other by adjusting the pH of the reaction medium.…”

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase fromPseudomonas nitroreducensIFO12694

“…It is thought to play key roles in glutathione metabolism in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Since its discovery in the sheep kidney, 1) it has been isolated and characterized from various sources such as humans, 2) rats, 3) radishes, 4) fungi, 5) Escherichia coli, 6) Helicobacter pylori, 7) and Bacillus subtilis.…”

Examining environmental constraints in sport: Spin characteristics of two cricket pitches with contrasting soil properties

“…Spin bowlers deliver the ball much slower than pace bowlers, accentuating the importance of their ability to deceive the batter with deviations off the pitch surface (Cork, Justham, & West, 2013; Justham, Cork, & West, 2010; Woolmer, Noakes, & Moffett, 2008). It is reported that soils containing a high percentage of sand will provide additional friction and allow the spinning ball to grip, producing what is colloquially named as a “spinning pitch” (McIntyre & McIntyre, 2001). In addition to the organic properties of the pitch, the reflection of the ball is also influenced by the angle of incidence, the direction and magnitude of ball rotation, and the velocity of the ball (Carre et al, 1999; Carre & Haake, 2000; Cross, 2005; James, Carre, & Haake, 2005), all of which will have to be measured to assess the spinning properties of a cricket pitch.…”

“…In test match cricket, the ball is made of four pieces of leather stitched together with the most prominent stitching located along the centre of the ball between the two hemispheres which creates what is referred to as the “seam”. Additional friction generated by the seam of the ball contacting the pitch surface during impact could influence the resultant reflection properties and would therefore need to be considered in further analysis (McIntyre & McIntyre, 2001).…”