Is Housing Quality Associated with Malaria Incidence among Young Children and Mosquito Vector Numbers? Evidence from Korogwe, Tanzania

Liu, Jenny X.; Bousema, Teun; Zelman, Brittany; Gesase, Samwel; Hashim, Ramadhan; Maxwell, Claire; Chandramohan, Daniel; Gosling, Roly

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087358

Cited by 60 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There is increasing evidence to support a crucial role for housing improvement in malaria control [31–33, 60, 61]. It can be envisaged that ITWL could act as an effective and insecticidal method of house, and in particular, eave screening, if affixed to the base of the roof or ceiling and proven to have long-term durability.…”

Section: Future Prospects Of Itwl For Malaria Control: Control Intervmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide-treated durable wall lining (ITWL): future prospects for control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases

Messenger

Rowland

2017

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are the cornerstones of malaria vector control throughout sub-Saharan Africa, there is an urgent need for the development of novel insecticide delivery mechanisms to sustain and consolidate gains in disease reduction and to transition towards malaria elimination and eradication. Insecticide-treated durable wall lining (ITWL) may represent a new paradigm for malaria control as a potential complementary or alternate longer-lasting intervention to IRS. ITWL can be attached to inner house walls, remain efficacious over multiple years and overcome some of the operational constraints of first-line control strategies, specifically nightly behavioural compliance required of LLINs and re-current costs and user fatigue associated with IRS campaigns. Initial experimental hut trials of insecticide-treated plastic sheeting reported promising results, achieving high levels of vector mortality, deterrence and blood-feeding inhibition, particularly when combined with LLINs. Two generations of commercial ITWL have been manufactured to date containing either pyrethroid or non-pyrethroid formulations. While some Phase III trials of these products have demonstrated reductions in malaria incidence, further large-scale evidence is still required before operational implementation of ITWL can be considered either in a programmatic or more targeted community context. Qualitative studies of ITWL have identified aesthetic value and observable entomological efficacy as key determinants of household acceptability. However, concerns have been raised regarding installation feasibility and anticipated cost-effectiveness. This paper critically reviews ITWL as both a putative mechanism of house improvement or more conventional intervention and discusses its future prospects as a method for controlling malaria and other vector-borne diseases.

show abstract

Section: Future Prospects Of Itwl For Malaria Control: Control Intervmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide-treated durable wall lining (ITWL): future prospects for control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases

Messenger

Rowland

2017

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the recent past, house modification through window screen and blocking of eaves has been practiced in the prevention of malaria vectors in Tanzania [30,31], Kenya [32] Ethiopia [33] and Uganda [34]. More innovative vector control strategies including control of resistant vector populations in the sub-region are use of entomopathogenic fungi [35,36], larval source management [7] and vector trapping [37][38][39].…”

Section: Malaria Prevention and Control Strategies In East Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide Resistance in East Africa — History, Distribution and Drawbacks on Malaria Vectors and Disease Control

Yewhalaw¹,

Kweka²

2016

Insecticides Resistance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malaria is a major contributor to the global disease burden and a significant impediment to socio-economic development in resource-poor countries. In contrast to improved trends of malaria morbidity and mortality in some parts of the world, malaria has remained a life threatening disease in many other regions including East Africa because of factors such as weak health systems, growing drug and insecticide resistance, ecological change, climate anomalies, socio-economic factors and changes in land use patterns. Ongoing malaria vector control strategies rely mainly on the use of indoor residual spraying IRS and insecticide treated nets ITNs which are the primary intervention strategies to reduce malaria burden. The current success in reducing malaria related morbidity and mortality has led to the optimism that elimination of the disease as a public health problem may be a realistic objective. Efforts during the last decades enabled access to ITNs in sub-Saharan Africa protecting millions of people at risk of malaria. The number of countries that employed IRS as a vector control strategy increased almost by two fold and the percentage of households owing at least one ITN in sub-Saharan Africa is estimated to increase from time to time. Currently, all ITNs are treated with pyrethroids while IRS depends on pyrethroids, DDT and recently on carbamates. Despite IRS and ITNs are known in reducing malaria incidence, insecticide resistance in malaria vectors threatens the success of malaria control program. Resistance to insecticides has occurred in most arthropod vectors with different mechanisms. If the current trends of increased insecticide resistance continue, it may jeopardise the efficacy of current vector control tools. Given the limited choice of available insecticides, i.e., only insecticides belonging to classes of insecticides organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates , resistance to these insecticides has become a limiting factor for current efforts to sustain control. Currently, no other insecticide class with similar efficacy has been approved by WHOPES. The development of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors has been attributed to the prolonged use of insecticides for IRS and high coverage of ITNs/LLINs. The recent use of pyrethroids for indoor residual spraying is likely to have enhanced the selection pressure for insecticide resistance alleles among East African vector populations. Moreover, mosquitoes breeding in agricultural habitats are exposed to sub lethal doses of pesticides used in agriculture. Since currently recommended insecticides for IRS or ITNs were developed with similar active ingredients of pesticides used for agricultural pest control, their extensive and widespread use to boost agricultural productivity is believed to foster insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. There is strong evidence on the emergence of resistance to DDT and pyrethroids in the major malaria vectors in East Africa however, current information on resistance status of the malar...

show abstract

“…13 In a larger study of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria conducted in Tanzania, high-quality housing based on an index of dwelling characteristics was associated with a lower incidence of malaria and vector density. 21 Quality housing is thought to provide protection from malaria by blocking entry and reducing the density of the mosquito vector. Poor-quality material used for walls, such as mud, may provide more entry points through cracks in their surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies reporting similar associations between poor house construction and an increased incidence of malaria have successfully included this absent information to give a clearer picture. 21 Another limitation is self-reported ITN use. Over 98% study participants reported sleeping under an ITN the previous night at the time of routine assessments, however, actual compliance with ITNs was not confirmed through visual inspection at the home.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor Housing Construction Associated with Increased Malaria Incidence in a Cohort of Young Ugandan Children

Snyman¹,

Mwangwa²,

Bigira³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Despite the use of accepted interventions to combat malaria, such as insecticide-treated bed nets and artemisinin-based combination therapy, malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda. We investigated associations between household factors and malaria incidence in a cohort of children living in a highly endemic region of Uganda. Living in a modern house, defined as the use of non-earth floors, non-thatched roofs, and non-mud walls, was associated with approximately half malaria incidence compared with living in a traditional home (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.54, P = 0.001). Other factors found to be associated with a lower incidence of malaria included living in town versus rural setting; sleeping in a room with openings to the outside (windows, eaves, and airbricks); and having an older and more educated primary caregiver. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that improved house construction may be associated with a lower risk of malaria.

show abstract

Is Housing Quality Associated with Malaria Incidence among Young Children and Mosquito Vector Numbers? Evidence from Korogwe, Tanzania

Cited by 60 publications

References 33 publications

Insecticide-treated durable wall lining (ITWL): future prospects for control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases

Insecticide-treated durable wall lining (ITWL): future prospects for control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases

Insecticide Resistance in East Africa — History, Distribution and Drawbacks on Malaria Vectors and Disease Control

Poor Housing Construction Associated with Increased Malaria Incidence in a Cohort of Young Ugandan Children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About