Is my patient actually getting better? Application of the McNemar test for demonstrating the change at a single subject level

Caronni, Antonio; Sciumè, Luciana

doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1194486

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The authors used the McNemar test to compare the changes in gambling participation before and after COVID-19. The McNemar test results in a chi-square test statistic and is applied for repeated measure comparisons with categorical data (Caronni and Sciumè 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gambling Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among European Regular Sports Bettors: An Empirical Study Using Behavioral Tracking Data

Auer¹,

Malischnig

Griffiths

2020

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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The novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had major impacts on most societies worldwide including the cancelation and postponement of sports events. This has had a major impact on the sports betting industry. The present study is first to investigate the behavior of a sample of online sports bettors before and after COVID-19 measures were put in place by European governments. The authors were given access to the player data by a large European online gambling operator comprising players from Sweden, Germany, Finland, and Norway. The behavioral change of the sports bettors before March 7 and after March 7 (2020) was computed. All sports bettors who placed at least one wager in at least 5 calendar weeks out of the 10 possible calendar weeks between January 1 and March 7 (n = 5396) were included in the analysis. Results showed statistically significant reductions among sports bettors wagering in online casinos. This indicates that there was no conversion of money spent from sports betting to online casino games, at least for this particular online gambling operator. The findings suggest that there was a significant decrease in the amount of money wagered by sports bettors during the COVID-19 pandemic (compared with before it) and that sports bettors did not switch to playing more online casino games and that there was also a significant reduction in playing online casino games among sports bettors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gambling Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among European Regular Sports Bettors: An Empirical Study Using Behavioral Tracking Data

Auer¹,

Malischnig

Griffiths

2020

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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“…McNemar’s exact test was used to compare the percentage of participants reporting that they performed recommended preventive behaviours before and after the intervention. McNemar’s test was used because the evaluation was a repeated measurement of the same subjects over time [ 21 ]. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 14.0 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and initial outcomes of a multifaceted prevention programme of melioidosis in diabetic patients in Ubon Ratchathani, northeast Thailand

Suntornsut¹,

Chaowagul²,

Thongklang³

et al. 2018

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundMelioidosis is an infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative bacillus found in soil and water. Diabetes mellitus is the most important risk factor for melioidosis. The recommendations for disease prevention include avoiding direct contact with soil and water, and drinking only boiled or bottled water.MethodsA prospective intervention study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and behavioural outcomes of a multifaceted prevention programme for melioidosis. Participants were diabetic adults in Ubon Ratchathani, northeast Thailand. Ten behavioural support groups consisting of 6 to 10 participants per group were conducted. Twelve behaviour change techniques were used: information about health consequences, credible source, adding objects to the environment, reconstructing the physical environment, instruction on how to perform a behaviour, demonstration of the behaviour, commitment, prompts/cues, self-monitoring of behaviour, goal setting, feedback on behaviour, and social support, and their feasibilities evaluated.ResultsThere were 70 participants, of median age 59 years and 52 (74%) were female. Participants found the intervention beneficial, interesting and engaging. Participants indicated that they liked to watch videos with information about melioidosis delivered by local doctors and patients who survived melioidosis, and videos showing use of over-the-knee boots by local farmers. Participants felt engaged in the sessions that trialed protective gear and that made calendars with individual photographs and self-pledges as a reminder tool. The proportions of participants reporting that they always wore boots while working in rice fields increased from 30% (10/33) to 77% (28/37, p = 0.04), and that they drank only boiled or bottle water increased from 43% (30/70) to 86% (59/69, p<0.001) at 6 months post intervention.ConclusionThe programme is highly acceptable to participants, and can support behaviour change. Policy makers should consider implementing the programme in areas where melioidosis is endemic. Making calendars with individual photographs and self-pledges as a reminder tool could be powerful in behaviour change interventions, and further research on this component is needed.

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“…Third, the interval measures obtained from the ordinal scores of the FES-I give full access to parametric statistics (which is formally precluded to ordinal scores 26 ). With this regard, it is noteworthy that dependent variables expressed on an interval (or ratio) scale are actually needed for calculating even the simple linear regression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Falls Efficacy Scale International is a valid measure to assess the concern about falling and its changes induced by treatments

Caronni

Picardi

Redaelli³

et al. 2021

Clin Rehabil

Self Cite

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Objective To test with the Rasch analysis the psychometric properties of the Falls Efficacy Scale International, a questionnaire for measuring concern about falling. Design Longitudinal observational study, before–after rehabilitation. Setting Inpatient rehabilitation. Subjects A total of 251 neurological patients with balance impairment. Interventions Physiotherapy and occupational therapy aimed at reducing the risk of falling. Main measures Participants (median age, first–third quartile: 74.0, 65.5–80.5 years; stroke and polyneuropathy: 43% and 21% of the sample, respectively) received a balance assessment (Falls Efficacy Scale International included) pre- and post-rehabilitation. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate the Falls Efficacy Scale International. Differential item functioning, which assesses the measures’ stability in different conditions (e.g. before vs. after treatment) and in different groups of individuals, was tested for several variables. Results Patients suffered a moderate balance impairment (Mini-BESTest median score; first–third quartile: 15; 11–19), mild–moderate concern about falling (Falls Efficacy Scale International: 28; 21–37) and motor disability (Functional Independence Measure, motor domain: 70.0; 57.0–76.5). Falls Efficacy Scale International items fitted the Rasch model (range of infit and outfit mean square statistics: 0.8–1.32 and 0.71–1.45, respectively) and the questionnaire's reliability was satisfactory (0.87). No differential item functioning was found for treatment, gender, age and balance impairment. Differential item functioning was found for diagnosis and disability severity, but it is shown that it is not such as to bias measures. Conclusions Falls Efficacy Scale International ordinal scores can be turned into interval measures, i.e. measures of the type of temperature. Being differential item functioning-free for treatment, these measures can be safely used to compare concern about falling before and after rehabilitation, such as when interested in assessing the rehabilitation effectiveness.

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Is my patient actually getting better? Application of the McNemar test for demonstrating the change at a single subject level

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Gambling Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among European Regular Sports Bettors: An Empirical Study Using Behavioral Tracking Data

Gambling Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among European Regular Sports Bettors: An Empirical Study Using Behavioral Tracking Data

Feasibility and initial outcomes of a multifaceted prevention programme of melioidosis in diabetic patients in Ubon Ratchathani, northeast Thailand

The Falls Efficacy Scale International is a valid measure to assess the concern about falling and its changes induced by treatments

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