Is nalidixic acid screening still valid for the detection of reduced susceptibility of fluoroquinolone with SalmonellaTyphi?

Abstract

Introduction: Considering the limitations of screening with nalidixic acid to detect reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S.Typhi) strains, we evaluated the use of a 30 µg nalidixic acid disc screening method in Pakistan. Methodology: Non duplicate nalidixic acid susceptible S. Typhi isolates (246) from [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008] were retrieved from the Salmonella strain bank. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin for all strains were determined by agar dilution and further rechecked by ciprofloxacin E-tests.E. coli ATCC 25922 was used as the control strain. The MIC data for ciprofloxacin were compared with nalidixic acid disk (30µg) zone diameters. Results: Repeat testing of all S. Typhi isolates with a nalidixic acid (30µg) disk showed 100% susceptibility with an average zone diameter of 26 mm. Agar dilution testing revealed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, with MICs of 0.125 µg /ml for three (1.2%) isolates only. Zone sizes of strains with higher MICs were significantly lower than the strains with lower MICs (20 versus 26 mm) (p value <0.001). Conclusion: Estimation of fluoroquinolone MICs on every nalidixic acid susceptible S. Typhi strain is not cost effective in our setting; the proportion of strains with high fluoroquinolone MICs was found to be very low. We recommend periodic fluoroquinolone MIC determination to include all isolates with a nalidixic acid borderline zone (size 20-22 mm).

The outbreaks and prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in poultry in the United States: An overview

“…Bacteria gain resistance to nalidixic acid by plasmid mediation, which encodes transferable resistance to quinolones via the qnr gene. The qnr gene product directly protects the DNA gyrase from quinolone inhibition ( Cavaco and Aarestrup, 2009 ; Irfan et al., 2012 ).…”