Is short-term and long-term exposure to black carbon associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis based on evidence reliability

Song, Xuping; Hu, Yue; Ma, Yan; Jiang, Liangzhen; Wang, Xinyi; Shi, Anchen; Zhao, Junxian; Liu, Yunxu; Liu, Yafei; Tang, Jing; Li, Xiayang; Zhang, Xiaoling; Guo, Youguang; Wang, Shigong

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049516

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…A PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement was utilized as a guide for reporting this systematic review ( 12 , 13 ). We used data extracted from published articles; therefore, this study has no discernible ethical issues.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exposure to particulate matter on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Guo

Chai

Song

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundLong-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) has essential and profound effects on human health, but most current studies focus on high-income countries. Evidence of the correlations between PM and health effects in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially the risk factor PM1 (particles < 1 μm in size), remains unclear.ObjectiveTo explore the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter on the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in LMICs.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases from inception to May 1, 2022. Cohort studies and case-control studies that examine the effects of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 on the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in LMICs were included. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. Outcomes were analyzed via a random effects model and are reported as the relative risk (RR) with 95% CI.ResultsOf the 1,978 studies that were identified, 38 met all the eligibility criteria. The studies indicated that long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and PM1 was associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases: (1) Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity (RR per 1.11 μg/m3, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.17) and mortality (RR per 1.10 μg/m3, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.14) and was significantly associated with respiratory mortality (RR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.38) and morbidity (RR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04); (2) An increased risk of respiratory mortality was observed in the elderly (65+ years) (RR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.47) with long-term exposure to PM2.5; (3) Long-term exposure to PM10 was associated with cardiovascular morbidity (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.13), respiratory morbidity (RR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.69) and respiratory mortality (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10, 1.49); (4) A significant association between long-term exposure to PM1 and cardiovascular disease was also observed.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and PM1 was all related to cardiovascular and respiratory disease events. PM2.5 had a greater effect than PM10, especially on respiratory diseases, and the risk of respiratory mortality was significantly higher for LMICs than high-income countries. More studies are needed to confirm the effect of PM1 on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exposure to particulate matter on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Guo

Chai

Song

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…Second, researches on BC and greenhouse gases are also urgently needed. BC is a ubiquitous component of PM and a measured component of PM, and BC plays a potential role in the toxic fraction of PM 2.5 (Song et al 2022). Finally, few studies mainly focus on low-and middle-income countries or resource-poor areas.…”

Section: Signi Cant Suggestions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure risk assessment for infectious diseases due to temperature and air pollution: an overview of reviews

Song

Guo

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Air pollution and global temperature change are expected to affect infectious diseases. Yet to date overview of systematic reviews assessing the exposure risk of air pollutants and temperature on infectious diseases is unavailable. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched. Systematic reviews and metaanalyses investigated the exposure risk of pollutants or temperature on infectious diseases were included. Two investigators screened literature, extracted data and performed the risk of bias assessments independently. A total of 23 articles met the inclusion criteria, which 3 (13%) were "low" quality and 20 (87%) were "critically low" quality. COVID-19 morbidity was associated with long-term exposure PM 2.5 (RR = 1.056 per 1μg/m 3 , 95% CI: 1.039-1.072) and NO 2 (RR = 1.042 per 1 μg/m 3 , 95% CI: 1.017-1.068). In addition, for each 1°C increase in temperature, the risk of dengue fever morbidity increased 13% (RR = 1.130 per 1°C, 95% CI: 1.120-1.150), infectious diarrhea morbidity increased 8% (RR =1.080 per 1°C, 95% CI: 1.050-1.200), and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) morbidity increased 5% (RR = 1.050 per 1 °C, 95% CI: 1.020-1.080). In conclusion, PM 2.5 and NO 2 increased the risk of COVID-19 and temperatures were associated with dengue, infectious diarrhoea and HFMD morbidity. Moreover, the exposure risk of temperature on COVID-19 need to be further explored.

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“…Air pollution is closely related to morbidity and mortality in the population [12][13][14]. The increase in major air pollutants will increase the relative risk of a number of respiratory diseases [15][16][17].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality and Residents’ Health in China: An Empirical Analysis Based on Spatial Simultaneous Equations

2022

Applied Sciences

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Large-scale air pollution has an impact on the health and travel of residents in China. First, this article uses the gravity model and finds that China’s air quality presents a typical spatial correlation network. The network structure has changed from complex to simple, indicating that China’s air quality is gradually improving. Second, this paper uses spatial simultaneous equations to study the effect of air quality on residents’ health. The results show that an increase in the air quality index of local and surrounding provinces will have a significant impact on the health of residents. The absolute and relative air quality affects the lives of residents. The decline in the health of residents from the previous period will prompt the government to adopt various pollution reduction policies, which will improve air quality in the current period. Based on the empirical research conclusions, this article makes policy recommendations.

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Is short-term and long-term exposure to black carbon associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis based on evidence reliability

Cited by 22 publications

References 102 publications

Long-term exposure to particulate matter on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Long-term exposure to particulate matter on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Human exposure risk assessment for infectious diseases due to temperature and air pollution: an overview of reviews

Air Quality and Residents’ Health in China: An Empirical Analysis Based on Spatial Simultaneous Equations

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