Is There a Blood-Brain Relationship for Saturated Fatty Acids during Development?

Abstract

Transport of subcutaneously injected [1-¹⁴C]-stearic acid through the blood-brain barrier is compared with endogenous biosynthesis (within the brain) during postnatal brain development in mice. The uptake is very important during glial cell multiplication and myelination; endogenous microsomal synthesis is most active during myelination, soluble de novo mechanism is prominent during cell multiplication (mitochondrial systems are not directly related to these events). A parallel is drawn between myelin fatty acids, microsomal synthesis and uptake from the blood.

Developmental Profiles of Lipogenic Enzymes and Their Regulators in the Neonatal Mouse Brain

“…5B and C) were obtained from HPTLC analyses using 4 to 5 mice at each age, and expressed as mg/g wet weight. Results showed that phospholipids and cholesterol increased between P4 and P19 as expected for the myelin lipid synthesis with a peak at P18 (6, 25). However, levels of TG decreased in the brain during the period.…”

“…Specifically, the expression of FAS was barely detectable in neurons at P19, when FAS expression was clearly observed in cells of oligodendrocyte lineage. The active lipogenesis in neurons may decline along with decreases in the levels of ACC and FAS, and oligodendrocytes during active myelination with a peak at P18 (6) are likely to be involved in fatty acid synthesis. Although we did not detect high ACC expression in P19 brains, ACC was expressed in the cells near the cingulum as observed for pACC expression at P19 (Fig.…”

“…The levels and activities of brain ACC (4) and FAS activity (5) also decrease from the early neonatal period to ~4 weeks of age in the newborn rat. However, myelin lipid synthesis, which causes major lipid accumulation in the brain, occurs between P10 and P50 with a peak at P18 (6). Therefore, in the central nervous system (CNS), levels of lipogenic enzymes are not correlated with rates of synthesis of myelin lipids, although levels of enzymes for myelin specific lipids, such as ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT), are well linked to myelin lipid formation (7).…”

Palmitate Compromises C6 Astrocytic Cell Viability and Mitochondrial Function

“…Cafeteria diets are hypercaloric and have low nutrients. Some studies have demonstrated that saturated fatty acids, such as palmitate and stearate, cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) [ 24 , 25 ], estimating that approximately 5% of plasma palmitate crosses the BBB and reaches the brain unidirectionally in a single passage [ 25 ]. Palmitate and stearate are the saturated fatty acids most often found in the brains of mice treated with a high-fat Western diet, both in male and female mice [ 26 ].…”

Effet-dose de l’acide oléique alimentaire. Cet acide est-il conditionnellement essentiel ?

“…Or, en relation avec la myélinisation, le cerveau [41] ainsi que le système nerveux périphérique [42] synthétisent l'acide oléique à partir de l'acide stéarique. L'acide stéarique est activement synthétisé par le cerveau [43,44], mais il peut être d'origine exogène, en passant à travers la barrière hémato-encéphalique [45,46]. De plus, le passage des acides gras saturés à travers la barrière hémato-encéphalique est utilisé en imagerie en vue d'examiner la transduction des signaux et la neuroplasticité impliquant les phospholipides [47].…”