Is there still son preference in the United States?

Blau, Francine D.; Kahn, Lawrence M.; Brummund, Peter; Cook, Jason

doi:10.1007/s00148-019-00760-7

Cited by 50 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The consequences can be almost undetectable. For example in the United States, there is a small (but significant) difference in the likelihood that men will marry, or remain married to, women whose first child is a girl (Blau et al, 2020;Dahl & Moretti, 2008). However, the only ethnic groups in the United States that actively sex-selected to ensure having sonsas revealed by their child sex ratios in the 2000 censuswere the Chinese, Indians, and Koreans (Almond & Edlund, 2008), that is, those ethnic groups who have also recorded high child sex ratios in their home countries.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Not a bowl of rice, but tender loving care’: from aborting girls to preferring daughters in South Korea

Chun

Gupta

2021

Asian Population Studies

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Not a bowl of rice, but tender loving care’: from aborting girls to preferring daughters in South Korea

Chun

Gupta

2021

Asian Population Studies

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“…For example, econometrics research has identi ed several differences between U.S. parents of girls versus boys, including a higher divorce rate and differential monetary investment in families (40). Other research suggests subtle gender preference may vary by nativity, with rst-and second-generation American immigrants showing greater preference for boys (41). It is thus plausible that cultural factors that track with race/ethnicity or nativity could have contributed to the difference in the magnitude of association that we observed between our diverse cohorts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Fetal sex and maternal postpartum depressive symptoms: findings from two prospective pregnancy cohorts

Cowell

Colicino

Askowitz

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Fetal sex is known to modify the course and complications of pregnancy, with recent evidence of sex-differential fetal influences on the maternal immune and endocrine systems. In turn, heightened inflammation and surges in reproductive hormone levels associated with pregnancy and parturition have been linked with the development of perinatal depression. Here, we examined whether there is an association between fetal sex and maternal depression assessed during the prenatal and postnatal periods.Methods: The study included two multi-ethnic, prospective pregnancy cohorts that enrolled women from prenatal clinics in the Northeastern United States between 2001 and 2018. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured during the prenatal and postnatal periods using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and newborn sex was reported by the mother following delivery. We used logistic regression to examine associations between fetal sex and maternal depressive symptoms (EPDS>10) during the prenatal period only, postnatal period only, or both periods versus no depressive symptoms during either period. We considered both unadjusted models and models adjusted for a core set of sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. Results: In adjusted models conducted using PRISM data (N=528), women pregnant with a male versus female fetus had significantly greater odds of depressive symptoms during the postnatal period compared to women without depressive symptoms during either period (odds ratio [OR] = 5.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.93, 14.21). The direction of results was consistent in the ACCESS cohort, although the findings did not reach statistical significance (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 0.86, 4.93). Significant associations were not observed in either cohort among women with prenatal symptoms only or women with prenatal and postnatal symptoms. Conclusions: Male fetal sex was associated with the onset of depressive symptoms during the postnatal period.

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“…For example, econometrics research has identi ed several differences between U.S. parents of girls versus boys, including a higher divorce rate and differential monetary investment in families (70). Other research suggests subtle gender preference may vary by nativity, with rst-and second-generation American immigrants showing greater preference for boys (71). It is thus plausible that cultural factors that track with race/ethnicity or nativity could have contributed to the difference in the magnitude of association that we observed between our diverse cohorts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Fetal sex and maternal postpartum depressive symptoms: findings from two prospective pregnancy cohorts

Cowell

Colicino

Askowitz

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Fetal sex is known to modify the course and complications of pregnancy, with recent evidence of sex-differential fetal influences on the maternal immune and endocrine systems. In turn, heightened inflammation and surges in reproductive hormone levels associated with pregnancy and parturition have been linked with the development of perinatal depression. Here, we examined whether there is an association between fetal sex and maternal depression assessed during the prenatal and postnatal periods. Methods: The study included two multi-ethnic, prospective pregnancy cohorts that enrolled women from prenatal clinics in the Northeastern United States between 2001 and 2018. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured during the prenatal and postnatal periods using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and newborn sex was reported by the mother following delivery. We used logistic regression to examine associations between fetal sex and maternal depressive symptoms (EPDS>10) during the prenatal period only, postnatal period only, or both periods versus no depressive symptoms during either period. We considered both unadjusted models and models adjusted for a core set of sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. Results: In adjusted models using PRISM data (N=528), women pregnant with a male versus female fetus had significantly greater odds of depressive symptoms during the postnatal period compared to women without depressive symptoms during either period (odds ratio [OR] = 5.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.93, 14.21). The direction of results was consistent in the ACCESS cohort, although the findings did not reach statistical significance (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 0.86, 4.93). Significant associations were not observed in either cohort among women with prenatal symptoms only or women with prenatal and postnatal symptoms. Conclusions: Male fetal sex was associated with the onset of depressive symptoms during the postnatal period.

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Is there still son preference in the United States?

Cited by 50 publications

References 51 publications

‘Not a bowl of rice, but tender loving care’: from aborting girls to preferring daughters in South Korea

‘Not a bowl of rice, but tender loving care’: from aborting girls to preferring daughters in South Korea

Fetal sex and maternal postpartum depressive symptoms: findings from two prospective pregnancy cohorts

Fetal sex and maternal postpartum depressive symptoms: findings from two prospective pregnancy cohorts

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