Is waste collection associated with hepatitis B infection? A meta-analysis

Mol, Marcos Paulo Gomes; Cairncross, Sandy; Greco, Dirceu Bartolomeu; Heller, Léo

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0010-2017

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Therefore, the magnitude of anti-HCV among medical waste handlers might be due to informal cleaning practices, accidental needlestick injuries, handling infected sharps before, during, and after disposal, unsafe sharps waste management, which includes incomplete incineration, disposal in open pits or dumping sites, leaving used injection equipment in hospital laundry, and other practices that fail to secure infected sharps waste. 42 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among waste handlers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Gedefie,

Getaneh,

Debash

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Medicine

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Objective: Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the leading causes of global liver-related morbidity and mortality. Waste handlers are one of the high-risk groups for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus acquisition. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the pooled prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among waste handlers in Ethiopia. Methods: Articles were extensively searched in bibliographic databases and gray literature using entry terms or phrases. Studies meeting eligibility criteria were extracted in MS Excel and exported to STATA version 14 software for statistical analysis. A random-effects model was used to compute the pooled magnitude of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. Heterogeneity was quantified by using the I2 value. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger’s test. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of a single study on pooled effect size. Result: Of the 116 studies identified, 8 studies were selected for meta-analysis. All studies reported hepatitis B virus, while 5 studies reported hepatitis C virus infection among waste handlers. The overall pooled prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among waste handlers in Ethiopia was 5.07% (2.0–8.15) and 1.46% (0.52–2.4), respectively. Moreover, the pooled prevalence of lifetime hepatitis B virus exposure among Ethiopian waste handlers was 33.98% (95% CI: 21.24–46.72). Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection were not statistically associated with the type of waste handlers, that is, there was no difference between medical and nonmedical waste handlers. PROSPERO registration: CRD42023398686. Conclusion: The pooled prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among waste handlers in Ethiopia was intermediate and moderate, respectively. This showed that there is a strong need to scale up preventive efforts and strategic policy directions to limit the spread of these viruses. Moreover, we also conclude that handling healthcare and domestic waste is associated with a similar risk of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among waste handlers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Gedefie,

Getaneh,

Debash

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Medicine

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“… 12 Another review paper can be cited as evidence of the linking factor between HBV infection and exposure to either household or medical solid waste. 33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Evidence and Associated Factors of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Among Waste Handlers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeastern Ethiopia

Ayele¹,

Gebretsadik²,

Demsiss³

2023

IDR

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Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified viral hepatitis, caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), as one of the main global public health issues. People who work in the collection of waste materials, from either household or medical environments, are at greatest risk. Objective To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with HBV and HCV among medical and domestic waste handlers in Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021 at selected healthcare facilities and municipal settings in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. The sample size was determined using a double population proportion formula, and a simple random sampling technique was employed to select 70 individuals in the medical waste handlers (MWHs) group and 206 in the domestic waste handlers (DWHs) group. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected from each participant and tested for HBV and HCV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23; the prevalence was computed, Fisher’s exact test was used, and logistic regression was applied. Results A total of 276 study participants were enrolled and the overall seroprevalence of hepatitis virus was 5.1%. The seroprevalence of HBV infection among MWHs and DWHs was 8.6% and 1.9%, respectively. The overall seroprevalence of HCV infections among MWHs and DWHs was 4.3% and 0.5%, respectively. Medical waste handling, having a history of needle stick injury, and not using personal protective equipment were factors significantly associated with HBV infection. Conclusion The overall seroprevalence of viral hepatitis was high. The prevalence of HBV infection among MWHs was in line with the high endemicity classification of the WHO, and there was a significant difference in prevalence between DWHs and MWHs. Both groups of waste handlers should receive proper attention to protect them from HBV and HCV infection.

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“…In the meta-analysis performed by Mol et al [19], the term "Solid waste" has been used to designate both HCW and household waste. Kasuku et al [20] used the term "Hospital waste" corresponding to a mixture of waste similar to household waste and HCWs with infectious risks.…”

Section: Definition and Classification Of Hcwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Environmental Impact of Hospital Wastes: Systematic Review

Ghali¹,

Cheikh²,

Bhiri³

et al. 2023

Dubai Med J

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Introduction: Healthcare activities are generally associated with the production of healthcare waste, a large part of which is assimilated to household waste (packaging, kitchen waste, green waste, etc.) and another category of waste which may have a risk to health and the environment given its nature and typology. This category of waste at risk includes waste at risk of infection such as stinging, sharp waste (needles, blade, scalpel, etc.), and waste at chemical risk. Poor management of hospital waste is a problem in most countries and especially in developing countries. We aimed to determine the health and environmental impacts of the poor management of healthcare waste. Methods: We carried out a systematic review of the French and English literature on the scientific research sites Medline/PubMed and Embase. This research was carried out over 3 months (April–June 2020). The search strategy was used by combining keywords and Boolean operators: Health, Health impact assessment, Hospitals, Medical waste, Waste disposal facilities, Environment, Environment/Epidemiology, Hospital waste, impact, workplace, Environment hazards, Healthcare works, Waste management. Results: It has been clear that the current management of healthcare waste is not capable of adequately preserving human health and environmental contamination from infection. The surveys analyzed showed that if incineration is properly treated, it would be an appropriate treatment method to deal with healthcare waste. However, exposure to pollutants produced by the incineration is still a public health problem. If incineration is seen as a practical solution for dealing with healthcare waste, low-temperature incinerators should be banned and replaced by modern incinerators equipped with air pollution control units. These problems are typical for any developing country which does not have the means to purchase incinerators which are more protective for the environment and equipped with the latest technologies. Conclusions: Thus, autoclaving and microwaves are considered better alternatives for treating healthcare waste. However, these methods are generally not adequate for the disposal of pathological, radioactive, laboratory, and chemotherapy wastes. Therefore, the specific management of healthcare waste is a major concern due to the potentially high risks for human health and the environment.

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Is waste collection associated with hepatitis B infection? A meta-analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among waste handlers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among waste handlers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Serological Evidence and Associated Factors of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Among Waste Handlers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeastern Ethiopia

Health and Environmental Impact of Hospital Wastes: Systematic Review

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