ISB recommendations for skin-marker-based multi-segment foot kinematics

Leardini, Alberto; Stebbins, Julie; Hillstrom, Howard J.; Caravaggi, Paolo; Deschamps, Kevin; Arndt, Anton

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110581

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 110 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The dynamic multi-segment foot kinematic measurements are improved compared to conventional MFMs by using tracking markers with relatively small STAs, as recommended by the ISB [ 23 ]. Largest STAs have previously been shown for the markers on the lateral malleolus and proximally on the posterior aspect of the calcaneus, mainly causing errors in the transverse plane of the shank segment and the sagittal plane of the hindfoot segment [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel MFM has to be of additional value to the many models that have already been developed [ 23 ]. The previously published MFMs have had a major impact on measuring and understanding foot motion during gait and they serve as the foundation for AFM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The repeatability of MFM kinematics has been thoroughly investigated in both healthy and pathological feet [14,[17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, validation studies of MFMs are limited, as multiple review papers pointed out [9,10,13,23]. This is partly due to the fact that it is challenging to directly measure intrinsic foot bone motion, which acts as a gold standard for marker-based foot models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Amsterdam Foot Model: a clinically informed multi‐segment foot model developed to minimize measurement errors in foot kinematics

Schallig

Noort

Piening

et al. 2022

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Foot and ankle joint kinematics are measured during clinical gait analyses with marker-based multi-segment foot models. To improve on existing models, measurement errors due to soft tissue artifacts (STAs) and marker misplacements should be reduced. Therefore, the aim of this study is to define a clinically informed, universally applicable multi-segment foot model, which is developed to minimize these measurement errors. Methods The Amsterdam foot model (AFM) is a follow-up of existing multi-segment foot models. It was developed by consulting a clinical expert panel and optimizing marker locations and segment definitions to minimize measurement errors. Evaluation of the model was performed in three steps. First, kinematic errors due to STAs were evaluated and compared to two frequently used foot models, i.e. the Oxford and Rizzoli foot models (OFM, RFM). Previously collected computed tomography data was used of 15 asymptomatic feet with markers attached, to determine the joint angles with and without STAs taken into account. Second, the sensitivity to marker misplacements was determined for AFM and compared to OFM and RFM using static standing trials of 19 asymptomatic subjects in which each marker was virtually replaced in multiple directions. Third, a preliminary inter- and intra-tester repeatability analysis was performed by acquiring 3D gait analysis data of 15 healthy subjects, who were equipped by two testers for two sessions. Repeatability of all kinematic parameters was assessed through analysis of the standard deviation (σ) and standard error of measurement (SEM). Results The AFM was defined and all calculation methods were provided. Errors in joint angles due to STAs were in general similar or smaller in AFM (≤2.9°) compared to OFM (≤4.0°) and RFM (≤6.7°). AFM was also more robust to marker misplacement than OFM and RFM, as a large sensitivity of kinematic parameters to marker misplacement (i.e. > 1.0°/mm) was found only two times for AFM as opposed to six times for OFM and five times for RFM. The average intra-tester repeatability of AFM angles was σ:2.2[0.9°], SEM:3.3 ± 0.9° and the inter-tester repeatability was σ:3.1[2.1°], SEM:5.2 ± 2.3°. Conclusions Measurement errors of AFM are smaller compared to two widely-used multi-segment foot models. This qualifies AFM as a follow-up to existing foot models, which should be evaluated further in a range of clinical application areas.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Amsterdam Foot Model: a clinically informed multi‐segment foot model developed to minimize measurement errors in foot kinematics

Schallig

Noort

Piening

et al. 2022

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Segmental and joint rotations were calculated using Euler angles (sequence sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane motion) according to the International Society of Biomechanics recommendations [ 36 , 37 ], that is, dorsiflexion/plantar flexion as the rotation about the x -axis in the sagittal plane, eversion/inversion about the y -axis in the frontal plane, and internal/external rotation about the z -axis in the transverse plane. During the stance phase, the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot kinematics were investigated in the sagittal and frontal planes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Shoe Midfoot Bending Stiffness on Multi-Segment Foot Kinematics and Ground Reaction Force during Heel-Toe Running

Lam

Ding³

et al. 2022

Bioengineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated how midfoot stiffness of running shoes influences foot segment kinematics and ground reaction force (GRF) during heel-toe running. Nineteen male rearfoot strike runners performed overground heel-toe running at 3.3 m/s when wearing shoes with different midfoot bending stiffnesses (low, medium, and high) in a randomized order. A synchronized motion capture system (200 Hz) and force plate (1000 Hz) were used to collect the foot-marker trajectories and GRF data. Foot kinematics, including rearfoot-lab, midfoot-rearfoot, forefoot-rearfoot, and forefoot-midfoot interactions, and kinetics, including GRF characteristics, were analyzed. Our results indicated that high midfoot stiffness shoes reduced the forefoot-rearfoot range of motion (mean ± SD; high stiffness, 7.8 ± 2.0°, low stiffness, 8.7 ± 2.1°; p < 0.05) and forefoot-midfoot range of motion (mean ± SD; high stiffness, 4.2 ± 1.1°, medium stiffness, 4.6 ± 0.9°; p < 0.05) in the frontal plane. No differences were found in the GRF characteristics among the shoe conditions. These findings suggest that an increase in midsole stiffness only in the midfoot region can reduce intersegmental foot medial-lateral movements during the stance phase of running. This may further decrease the tension of the foot muscles and tendons during prolonged exercises.

show abstract

“…Motion capture data were acquired during the trials using standard methods of determinating kinematics and kinetics data in biomechanics [ 21 , 22 ]. The three–dimensional coordinates of positions of the retroreflective markers attached to the body were obtained using 12 infrared cameras (OQUS 300; Qualisys, Göteborg, Sweden) with sampling frequencies of 250 Hz through the Qualisys Track Manager Software (Qualisys, Göteborg, Sweden).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alignment of the metatarsal heads affects foot inversion/eversion during tiptoe standing on one leg in demi–pointe position: A cross–sectional study on recreational dancers

Imura

Nagaki²,

Higuch

2022

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Classical ballet dancers stand on tiptoe in the demi–pointe position where the ankle is plantarflexed, and the toes extend around a mediolateral axis passing through the second metatarsal head. Foot sickling, the foot inversion/eversion when the forefoot is grounded, should be avoided to achieve esthetics and prevent injuries during tiptoe standing. The foot inversion/eversion angle may change depending on the metatarsal heads through which the toe extension axis passes. This study investigated the relationship between metatarsal alignment in both load positions and foot inversion/eversion angle during tiptoe standing. Nine recreational female ballet dancers performed tiptoe standing on a single leg in the demi–pointe position. The foot inversion/eversion angle, the centre of pressure (COP) positions, and angles between adjacent metatarsal heads in the horizontal plane were investigated using motion–capture data and magnetic resonance imaging of the forefoot. As the angle between the second and adjacent metatarsal heads became more acute during tiptoe standing on the non-dominant leg, the dancers everted the foot more and significantly loaded the first toe–side more, and vice versa (r = −0.85 and −0.82, respectively). Then, the load positions were distributed on the distal side of the second metatarsal head. These were not seen during standing on the dominant leg with COPs more proximal to the second metatarsal head. In conclusion, dancers load the distal part of the second metatarsal head during tiptoe standing on the non–dominant leg. When the angle at the second metatarsal head was acute, within the triangle formed by the first, second, and third metatarsal heads, even slight mediolateral shifts of load positions altered the toe extension axis around that metatarsal head; the dancers loaded medial to the second metatarsal head and everted the foot and vice versa. Therefore, the angle between the second and adjacent metatarsal heads influenced the foot inversion/eversion angle.

show abstract

ISB recommendations for skin-marker-based multi-segment foot kinematics

Cited by 26 publications

References 110 publications

The Amsterdam Foot Model: a clinically informed multi‐segment foot model developed to minimize measurement errors in foot kinematics

The Amsterdam Foot Model: a clinically informed multi‐segment foot model developed to minimize measurement errors in foot kinematics

Effects of Shoe Midfoot Bending Stiffness on Multi-Segment Foot Kinematics and Ground Reaction Force during Heel-Toe Running

Alignment of the metatarsal heads affects foot inversion/eversion during tiptoe standing on one leg in demi–pointe position: A cross–sectional study on recreational dancers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About