Ischaemia and reperfusion effects on skeletal muscle tissue: morphological and histochemical studies

Abstract

This was a study on the oxidative stress due to ischaemia (I) and reperfusion (R) in skeletal muscle tissue. Using a tourniquet, groups of rats were submitted to ischaemia for 4 h, followed by different reperfusion periods. The animals were divided in four groups: control; 4 h of ischaemia (IR); 4 h of ischaemia plus 1 h reperfusion (IR-1 h); 4 h of ischaemia plus 24 h reperfusion (IR-24 h); and 4 h of ischaemia plus 72 h reperfusion (IR-72 h). At the end of the procedures, samples of soleus muscle were collected and frozen in n-hexane at -70 degrees C. Cryostat sections were submitted to haematoxylin-eosin, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) stains. An additional muscle sample was processed for electron microscopy. No alterations were found in control animals. IR group showed fibres had normal aspect besides some round, acidophilic and hypertrophic fibres. There were several fibres with angular outlines and smaller diameters in this group compared with control group. NADH-TR/SDH reaction was moderately intense in most fibres. In some fibres, cytoplasm showed areas without activity and other fibres had very intense reactivity. IR-1 h group showed oedema hypercontracted fibres with disorganized myofibrils, mitochondria with focal lesions and dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum. NADH-TR/SDH reaction was moderate to weak. IR-24 h showed intense inflammatory infiltrate in the endomysium and perimysium. NADH-TR/SDH reaction was similar to IR-1 h. IR-72 h showed necrotic fibres, areas with inflammatory infiltrate, reduced muscle fibres at different stages of necrosis and phagocytosis, and many small round and basophilic fibres characterizing a regeneration process. NADH-TR/SDH reaction was weak to negative. Our results suggest that ischaemia and the subsequent 1-, 24- and 72-h reperfusions induced progressive histological damage. Although progressive, it may be reversible because there were ultrastructural signs of recovery after 72-h reperfusion. This recovery could in part be due to the low oxidative stress identified by the morphological and histochemical analysis.

Oxidative and proteolytic profiles of the right and left heart in a model of cancer-induced cardiac cachexia

“…In the present study, both the RH and LH showed significantly increased levels of carbonylated proteins at the 5th day, and decreased levels at the 10th day after tumour implantation. However, no significant differences were observed in the LH or RH when end products of lipid peroxidation were evaluated by TBARS [37]. To better evaluate membrane peroxidation and the significance of the change in membrane permeability in tumour-induced rats, the CL stimulated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide was evaluated.…”

Sildenafil citrate protects skeletal muscle of ischemia-reperfusion injury: immunohistochemical study in rat model

“…Evidence shows that ischemic morphological lesions are present minutes after reperfusion and increase progressively over time, due to an additional inflammatory response. In fact, cell death due to IRI is more evident after 4 hours of reperfusion, reaching the maximum peak at 24 hours 14,15 . In early reperfusion stages, most of the injury is associated with the acute release of free radicals.…”

Recovery of Skeletal Striated Muscle Tissue in a Model of Reversible Injury

“…These periods of reperfusion were selected based on previous studies focused on morphological and physiological recovery of the skeletal muscle tissue after ischemic injury [4,5,19,20]. The total sample size of 42 rats was determined based on 21 groups, significant level of 0.05 and confident level of 0.95.…”

“…In those cases, the muscles under the level of compression suffer the associated damage due to the ischemic condition followed by reperfusion injury [4,5]. The lesion patterns studied in myocytes after induced ischemia of two to four hours comprise edema, atrophy and changes in their surrounding connective tissue [5][6][7][8].…”

“…The lesion patterns studied in myocytes after induced ischemia of two to four hours comprise edema, atrophy and changes in their surrounding connective tissue [5][6][7][8]. The recovery of the histological and functional characteristics of the muscles depends on their extracellular matrix and the type of fibers.…”