Isocitrate lyase in germinating spores of the fern Anemia phyllitidis

Gemmrich, Armin R.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(79)80122-3

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In germinating seeds, for example, oils are converted to carbohydrate via the glyoxylate cycle (7). The enzymatic activities of two key enzymes in this pathway, isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate syntase (MS), increase immediately following fern spore germination, and then decline as the lipid content in the spore decreases (13,24). Although the genes encoding these enzymes have not been cloned from ferns, one gene encoding a putative protein similar in sequence to aconitase has been cloned from both germinating Ceratopteris spores (C Wen & JA Banks, unpublished observations) and germinating Arabidopsis seeds (52).…”

Section: The Spore-preparation For Dormancy and Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gametophyte Development in Ferns

Banks

1999

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. Plant. Mol. Biol.

178

173

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The fern gametophyte has interested plant biologists for the past century because its structure and development is simple and amenable to investigation. Past studies have described many aspects of its development, including germination of the spore, patterns of cell division and differentiation, photomorphogenic or light-regulated responses, sex determination and differentiation of gametangia, hormone and pheromone responses, and fertilization. Several genes that are predicted to regulate some of these processes have been recently cloned, making it possible to analyze how these processes are controlled at a molecular level. The emergence of the fern Ceratopteris richardii as a model organism for readily identifying and characterizing mutations that affect key developmental processes in gametophytes makes it a powerful tool for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. If advances in gene cloning techniques and transformation are forthcoming in Ceratopteris, it is likely that the study of developmental processes in ferns will significantly contribute to our understanding of plant development and evolution beyond that which can be learned solely from studying angiosperms.

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Section: The Spore-preparation For Dormancy and Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gametophyte Development in Ferns

Banks

1999

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. Plant. Mol. Biol.

178

173

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“…Isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1) and malate synthase (EC 4.1.3.2) are the only enzymes unique to this metabolic pathway. These two enzymes are present during the germination of various seeds (Beevers, 1979) and spores (Gemmrich, 1979(Gemmrich, , 1980DeMaggio et al, 1979), during the development of nematode larvae (Khan & McFadden, 1980;McKinley & Trelease, 1978;Patel & McFadden, 1978a), and during growth of various microorganisms (Kornberg & Elsden, 1961). The relative importance of the glyoxylate cycle in seed germination (Khan & McFadden, 1979) and nematode development (Patel & McFadden, 1978b) has been demonstrated by their respective sensitivity to itaconate (2-methylenesuccinate), a potent inhibitor of isocitrate lyase (Rao & McFadden, 1965;Williams et al, 1971;Rittenhouse & McFadden, 1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of isocitrate lyase by 3-nitropropionate, a reaction-intermediate analog

Schloss¹,

Cleland²

1982

Biochemistry

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“…25-66% lipids, ca. 12% proteins (Gemmrich, 1977(Gemmrich, , 1979DeMaggio & Stetler, 1980;Raghavan, 1980Raghavan, , 1989, and abundant calcium and other mineral nutrients (Raghavan, 1980). Although the spores represent only a minute fraction of the biomass of a fertile fern, they provide sufficient energy and nutrients for small herbivorous insects and even for some birds (Mills et al, 1980;O'Donnell & Dilks, 1994;Hervías-Parejo et al, 2019) and mammals (Arosa et al, 2010;Sugita et al, 2013) in times of food scarcity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of experimental host‐plant switching on the life cycle of a fern spore‐feeding micromoth of the genus Stathmopoda

Fuentes-Jacques

Hanson

Mehltreter

et al. 2022

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Fern-feeding insects have not received much attention because ferns have been considered herbivore-resistant plants. However, ferns are attacked by herbivorous insects, including specialized spore feeders. For a better understanding of host specialization, we investigated the effect of experimentally transferred larvae of a spore-feeding moth, Stathmopoda sp. (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae), from its original fern host Amauropelta linkiana (C. Presl) Pic. Serm., to three closely related species [Amauropelta rudis (Kunze) Pic. Serm, Amauropelta oligocarpa (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Pic. Serm., and Amauropelta resinifera (Desv.) Pic. Serm.], and one alien fern species, Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching (all Thelypteridaceae). After experimental host-plant transfer, we measured spore consumption of the larvae, and the survival and duration of each developmental stage. Once larvae were transferred to alternative hosts, they were still able to complete their life cycle, but consumed more spores, required more time to reach the adult stage, and had lower survival rates than on their original host, or even skipped the fifth instar on alternative hosts. Thus, our results suggested a strong adaptation of this moth species on its original host plant. We discuss some traits of experimental hosts, as the spores may contain fewer nutrients, or higher concentrations of toxic agents for larval development, thus restricting successful host-plant switching. Further studies to measure the frequency and successful colonization of alternative hosts in nature are needed, by assessing variation in the chemical composition of spores between original and alternative hosts.

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Isocitrate lyase in germinating spores of the fern Anemia phyllitidis

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Gametophyte Development in Ferns

Gametophyte Development in Ferns

Inhibition of isocitrate lyase by 3-nitropropionate, a reaction-intermediate analog

Effects of experimental host‐plant switching on the life cycle of a fern spore‐feeding micromoth of the genus Stathmopoda

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