Isolated Medial Subtalar Joint Dislocation during Sports Activities: A Systematic Review of the Literature with Individual Participant Data Analysis

Abstract

In athletes, one of the most common injuries is a sprained ankle. If the energy of the trauma is particularly high, this type of injury can lead to an isolated medial dislocation of the subtalar joint (STJ), a rare condition poorly described in the literature. The aim of this study was to verify if a reliable conservative treatment and a specific physiotherapy rehabilitation protocol in isolated medial dislocation of the STJ in athletes is described in the literature. A systematic review of the published literature of the last 11 years was performed by applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using three databases: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The keywords used were “(subtalar OR talocalcaneal) AND dislocation”. We considered only studies that included professional or amateur athletes (athletic patients). We used the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale, range of motion (ROM) of the subtalar and ankle joint, subtalar and talonavicular joint osteoarthritis, and patient feedback to evaluate their outcomes. A total of 12 studies were included in our review, with a total of 26 athletic patients. Sixteen of them had good results with the correlation between the duration of immobilisation and the outcomes. Nevertheless, due to the small number of patients included in the analysed studies on this subject in the literature, there is not yet a univocal clinical protocol to treat the isolated medial subtalar joint dislocation (STJD) warranting further research in the field.

Isolated Medial Subtalar Joint Dislocation during Soccer (Football) Game: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…Medial dislocation is caused by a forced inversion of the forefoot, the talocalcaneal and talonavicular ligaments break, the talus remains in his normal position at and subtalar joint dislocation occurs [4]. For isolated medial subtalar dislocation occurring during sports activities, the first choice is the conservative treatment [2]. In 33 studies about 439 patients with isolated subtalar dislocation, 85% were treated with closed reduction followed by immobilization for 3 to 6 weeks and good to excellent results were obtained [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…Ankles injuries are common in sports such as football and soccer [1] and one of the most serious and most rare is the subtalar dislocation. It is the dislocation of two joints: the talocalcaneal and the talonavicular joints [2]. This injury is rare, touches young male patients [1] and usually associated to fractures of the talus, the malleoli or the fifth metatarsal [3].…”

“…This injury is rare, touches young male patients [1] and usually associated to fractures of the talus, the malleoli or the fifth metatarsal [3]. In English literature, there are a few cases of isolated dislocation of the subtalar joint [4] and the medial form represent 80% [2]: the calcaneus and the rest of the foot dislocate laterally in relation to the talus [4]. Usually, this injury occurs in highenergy trauma, such motor or vehicle accidents [5] but it is very rare in sports injuries [6].…”

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Ankle-Foot Pain Among Nurses Working in Surgical Units of Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022

“…The questionnaire had five parts: the first part consists of the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents with five items, the second part comprises personal factors and contains four items, the third part contains work-related factors with nine items, the fourth part contains psychosocial factors, which were assessed by Job Content Questionnaire using a 4-point Likert scale. 39 This includes the psychological job demand, which consists of seven items, including "working very fast, working very hard, the job requires excessive amount of work, the job requires enough time to get the job done, conflicting demands, long periods of intense concentration on the task, and hecticness", which were measured using the 4-point Likert scale (1)(2)(3)(4), where 1 represents "never" and 4 represents "often"; the physical job demand with seven items, job stress with eight items, social support with eight items, job control with eight items and the fifth part consists of ankle-foot pain-related questions, which was measured by yes/no response. Five BSC nurses and three MSC nurses were selected for data collection and supervision, respectively.…”

“…Ankle-foot pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that occurs when any tissue at the distal end of the tibia or fibula, such as bones, ligaments, joints, muscles, tendons, fascia, nerves, skin, and nails sustains an injury. 1 Ankle-foot pain can be caused by fracture, 2 , 3 dislocation, 4 , 5 neurovascular compromise, tendon rupture, and other inflammatory disorders such as fasciitis, tendonitis, and synovitis and degenerative disorders: possible consequences of aging or repetitive use or combination of these; such as degenerative arthritis and chronic tendonitis, tenosynovitis, or tendinosis. 6 According to the WHO report, work-related musculoskeletal disorders affect 1.71 billion individuals worldwide, as a result, musculoskeletal illnesses severely limit physical mobility and dexterity, resulting in early retirement from work, lower well-being, and a reduced ability to participate in society.…”