Isolation and characterization of a novel putative human polyomavirus

Gheit, Tarik; Dutta, Sankhadeep; Oliver, Javier; Robitaille, Alexis; Hampras, Shalaka S.; Combes, Jean‐Damien; McKay‐Chopin, Sandrine; Calvez-Kelm, Florence Le; Fenske, Neil A.; Cherpelis, Basil S.; Giuliano, Anna R.; Franceschi, Silvia; McKay, James; Rollison, Dana E.; Tommasino, Massimo

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.007

Cited by 82 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“… a | Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has a 5,387 bp circular double-stranded DNA genome with two transcriptional units 36 , the early and late regions. The early region yields four spliced mRNAs encoding four proteins: two alternatively spliced isoforms of the large T antigen (LT and LT’, which is also known as 57 kT), the small T antigen (ST) and ALTO (alternate frame of the LT open reading frame).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Merkel cell carcinoma

Becker

Stang

DeCaprio

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Dis Primers

465

565

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Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but highly aggressive skin cancer with neuroendocrine features. MCC pathogenesis is associated with either the presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus or chronic exposure to ultraviolet light (UV), which can cause a characteristic pattern of multiple DNA mutations. Notably, in the Northern hemisphere, the majority of MCC cases are of viral aetiology; by contrast, in areas with high UV exposure, UV-mediated carcinogenesis is predominant. The two aetiologies share similar clinical, histopathological and prognostic characteristics. MCC presents with a solitary cutaneous or subcutaneous nodule, most frequently in sun-exposed areas. In fact, UV exposure is probably involved in both viral-mediated and non-viral-mediated carcinogenesis, by contributing to immunosuppression or DNA damage, respectively. Confirmation of diagnosis relies on analyses of histological features and immunological marker expression profiles of the lesion. At primary diagnosis, loco-regional metastases are already present in ~30% of patients. Excision of the tumour is the first-line therapy; if not feasible, radiotherapy can often effectively control the disease. Chemotherapy was the only alternative in advanced-stage or refractory MCC until several clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Merkel cell carcinoma

Becker

Stang

DeCaprio

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Dis Primers

465

565

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“…We previously assessed the presence of the novel human polyomaviruses 6 and 7 (HPyV6 and 7) in human thymic epithelial tumors, based on the reported induction of thymomas in mouse strains C3H/BiDa and AKR by the polyomavirus strain PTA, and frequently detected HPyV7 in these tumors . The number of human polyomaviruses detected has continually increased in recent years . To date, only Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has been established as a novel human tumor virus in the majority of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low prevalence of Merkel cell polyomavirus in human epithelial thymic tumors

et al. 2019

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Background The etiology of thymic epithelial tumors is unknown. Murine polyomavirus strain PTA has been shown to induce thymomas in mice. Recently, using diverse molecular techniques, we reported the presence of human polyomavirus 7 (HPyV7) in thymic epithelial tumors. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in thymic epithelial tumors. Methods Thirty‐six thymomas were screened for MCPyV by PCR and subsequently tested by DNA and RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Twenty‐six thymomas were diagnosed with myasthenia gravis (MG). Results MCPyV DNA was detected by PCR in 7 (19.4%) of the 36 thymic epithelial tumors and in six of these, the presence of MCPyV was confirmed by fluorescence situ hybridization. Of these, 3 (28.6%) revealed weak MCPyV LT‐antigen protein expression. In addition, one of the MCPyV positive thymomas tested positive for MCPyV LT RNA with RNAscope. Of interest, two out of the three thymomas that previously tested positive for MCPyV by immunohistochemistry also tested positive for HPyV7. One of the 11 MG‐negative and 2 of the 25 MG‐positive were positive for MCPyV. Conclusions MCPyV DNA and MCPyV protein expression can be detected in human epithelial thymoma; however, to a far lesser extent than HPyV7. Our data strongly indicate that because of its infrequent detection and weak expression, MCPyV is unlikely to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of human thymomas.

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“…They have a circular genome of 5.2 kb, packaged in an icosahedral viral capsid (~40‐50 nm in diameter) . The first two human polyomavirus species, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) and BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), were not identified until 1971; since then, at least 12 more polyomaviruses have been described . BKPyV and JCPyV have been documented to cause disease involving mostly the genitourinary tract in kidney and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, and the brain in most immunocompromised patients, respectively .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The first two human polyomavirus species, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) and BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), were not identified until 1971; since then, at least 12 more polyomaviruses have been described. 2,[5][6][7][8] BKPyV and JCPyV have been documented to cause disease involving mostly the genitourinary tract in kidney and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, and the brain in most immunocompromised patients, respectively. 3 Merkel cell polyomavirus has been found to be clonally integrated in the genome of Merkel cell carcinoma cells, suggesting that this virus may play a role in the pathogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of human polyomavirus‐7‐associated rash and pruritus with topical cidofovir in a lung transplant patient: Case report and literature review

Smith

Erdag

Cuda

et al. 2017

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Human polyomavirus-7-associated rash and pruritus (PVARP) is a chronic superficial viral skin infection, which primarily impacts immunocompromised individuals. We report on a case of PVARP in a lung transplant recipient. Our patient developed symptoms 13 years after being on his immunosuppressive regimen, with an insidious course of progressive gray lichenification with marked islands of sparing and quality of life-altering pruritus. Treatment for PVARP is not established; however, topical cidofovir combined with immunomodulation may offer sustained therapeutic benefit.

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Isolation and characterization of a novel putative human polyomavirus

Cited by 82 publications

References 76 publications

Merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma

Low prevalence of Merkel cell polyomavirus in human epithelial thymic tumors

Treatment of human polyomavirus‐7‐associated rash and pruritus with topical cidofovir in a lung transplant patient: Case report and literature review

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