Isolation and Characterization of a Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus in Northeast China

Abstract

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a coronavirus (CoV) that is a major pathogenity of viral enteritis and diarrhea in suckling piglets, causing high morbidity and mortality. In this study, a TGEV strain HQ2016 was isolated from northeast China and characterized its genome sequence and pathogenicity. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the TGEV HQ2016 strain was more similar to the TGEV Purdue cluster than to the Miller cluster. Both recombination and phylogenetic analysis based on each structural and non-structural gene revealed no recombination event in the HQ2016 strain. Experimental infection study using colostrum-deprived newborn piglets successfully showed that the HQ2016 can cause clinical symptoms including anorexia and yellow-to-whitish watery diarrhea, which are characteristics of TGE, in the inoculated piglets 48 h post-inoculation. These results provide valuable information about the evolution of the porcine CoVs.

Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) and their emerging threats to swine population, inter-species transmission, exploring the susceptibility of pigs for SARS-CoV-2 and zoonotic concerns

“…Porcine kidley-15 (PK-15) cell lines are preferred to isolate TGEV causing cytopathic effect (CPR)- like cell fusion, cell rounding, shrinkage, and cell detachment from the surface of the culture vessel (Yuan et al. 2021 ).…”

Swine Enteric Coronavirus: Diverse Pathogen–Host Interactions

“…As an extracellular protease, trypsin activates the PDCoV S protein to induce intercellular fusion. Trypsin is needed in the culture and passage of SeCoV, which promotes the fusion of virus and cells and increases the yield of virus [ 71 , 77 , 78 , 79 ] ( Figure 3 ).…”

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus: An Update Review and Perspective

“…TGEV is a member of the coronavirus subfamily, and although many advances in its study have been made over the past few decades, there are still many unresolved issues of viral virulence and cross-species transmission. Now it cannot be ignored that highly virulent recombinant TGEV strains are still being observed due to frequent evolution and recombination events [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Moreover, the sequencing results of the swine enteric coronavirus, SeCoV, reported in European countries, and the CCoV-HuPn-2018 virus in Malaysia both show that these newly discovered coronaviruses are inextricably linked to TGEV [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], and that the neglect of further work on TGEV will cause delays in public health responses to possible transboundary outbreaks.…”