Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from Euphorbia cotinifolia

Abstract

Background Green plants are found to be an effective reservoir for bioactive molecules and can provide appreciable sources of antimicrobial agents. Antibacterial activity of solvent extracts of Euphorbia cotinifolia leaves was tested by agar cup diffusion and broth microdilution methods against some common human pathogenic bacteria viz., Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhi. The methanol extract of Euphorbia cotinifolia was subjected to a silica gel column, leading to the isolation of a bioactive compound 1. The structure of compounds was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and assessed for their antibacterial activity against several human pathogenic bacteria. Results The inhibition zone ranged against some common human pathogenic bacteria was 15.25–19.50 mm, 13.50–19.25 mm, 12–18.50 mm, 15–20 mm, and 13–19 mm for ECMF1, ECMF2, ECMF3, compounds 1, respectively. The MIC was found to be in the range 91–729 μg/ml for the fractions. The inhibition range was recorded between 12–19 and 10–14 mm for methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. K. pneumoniae, E. aerogenes, and B. subtilis were highly susceptible to methanol extract with the maximum inhibition zone of 19 mm. The MIC of the compound 1 against human pathogens was 78–833 μg/ml. Conclusion The present study results suggest that tested plant extracts have moderate to potent antibacterial activity due to the occurrence of phenols and flavonoids in the extracts. The defensive property of natural antibacterials is mainly due to the presence of these major groups, vitamins, phenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids. In the present study, biologically active diterpene was isolated and the structures of the new diterpenoids isolated from E. cotinifolia were closely related to an ingenol ester.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Euphorbia wallichii Leaf Extract: Its Antibacterial Action against Citrus Canker Causal Agent and Antioxidant Potential

“…The antimicrobial efficacy of different Euphorbia species is well documented in previous studies [ 38 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. Previously, Li et al [ 68 ] have reported the isolation of three antibacterial ent-abietane-type diterpenoids from the root extract E. wallichii .…”

“…Previously, Li et al [ 68 ] have reported the isolation of three antibacterial ent-abietane-type diterpenoids from the root extract E. wallichii . However, Jayalakshmi et al [ 65 ] have attributed the antibacterial activity of Euphorbia cotinifolia to phenols and flavonoids. In the current study, higher concentrations (1000 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL) of aqueous leaf extract showed comparable antibacterial activity, which was reduced significantly in response to lower concentrations.…”

Antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of extracted Piper betle leaf materials by disc diffusion assay and batch experiments

“…For E. coli , the methanol solvent demonstrated a higher antibacterial activity than other solvents; however, it presented a little higher zone of inhibition on E. coli than the ethanol solvent. EPB presented a higher zone of inhibition on E. coli than other studies except the study of Jayalakshmi B. et al , 61 whereas PBB demonstrated a higher or closer zone of inhibition on E. coli than other studies except the studies of Jayalakshmi B. et al , Valle D. L. et al , and Kulnanan P. et al 16,61,62 . Finally, since methanol is known as a more toxic solvent than ethanol, ethanol might be suitable for use as the extraction solvent of P. betle for the antibacterial activities on both S. aureus and E. coli more than methanol.…”

Isolation and Characterization of a Flavonoid and a Neolignan from Silybum marianum: In‐vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation

“…Plants derived natural products are a rich source of chemically and functionally diversified compounds and provide remarkable assistance in drug development programs. [1] Medicinal plants are being used in multiple traditional, conventional and complementary systems especially for the treatment of cancer. The bioactive compounds isolated from medicinal plants have been proven safe and effective for the treatment of multiple types of cancers.. [2] Flavonoids are among the extensively distributed class of secondary metabolites exhibiting numerous therapeutic activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, antiviral, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities.…”

“…Plants derived natural products are a rich source of chemically and functionally diversified compounds and provide remarkable assistance in drug development programs [1] . Medicinal plants are being used in multiple traditional, conventional and complementary systems especially for the treatment of cancer.…”