Isolation and characterization of chitosan from Ugandan edible mushrooms, Nile perch scales and banana weevils for biomedical applications

Abstract

Of recent, immense attention has been given to chitosan in the biomedical field due to its valuable biochemical and physiological properties. Traditionally, the chief source of chitosan is chitin from crab and shrimp shells. Chitin is also an important component of fish scales, insects and fungal cell walls. Thus, the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize chitosan from locally available material for potential use in the biomedical field. Chitosan ash and nitrogen contents ranged from 1.55 to 3.5% and 6.6 to 7.0% respectively. Molecular weight varied from 291 to 348KDa. FTIR spectra revealed high degree of similarity between locally isolated chitosan and commercial chitosan with DD ranging from 77.8 to 79.1%. XRD patterns exhibited peaks at 2θ values of 19.5° for both mushroom and banana weevil chitosan while Nile perch scales chitosan registered 3 peaks at 2θ angles of 12.3°, 20.1° and 21.3° comparable to the established commercial chitosan XRD pattern. Locally isolated chitosan exhibited antimicrobial activity at a very high concentration. Ash content, moisture content, DD, FTIR spectra and XRD patterns revealed that chitosan isolated from locally available materials has physiochemical properties comparable to conventional chitosan and therefore it can be used in the biomedical field.

Chitosan-Mediated Environment-Friendly Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles with Enhanced Photonic Reactivity

“…The C-O stretching vibrations peaks from ~1061 and ~1021 cm −1 and the N-H wag (for the primary and secondary amines) from ~893 cm −1 were specific for the polysaccharide structure of the chitosan. The characteristic bands/peaks of the chitosan FTIR spectrum found in this study were comparable with the values reported by other researchers [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Exploitation of Marine Molecules to Manage Alzheimer’s Disease

“…They can be also obtained by synthesis [ 145 ]. The extraction of chitin from the shell includes mainly demineralization and deproteinization [ 185 , 186 , 187 ]. Demineralization is carried out using concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) to precipitate the calcium chloride salt.…”

Synthesis of New Chitosan from an Endemic Chilean Crayfish Exoskeleton (Parastacus Pugnax): Physicochemical and Biological Properties

“…Thus, ash content of Chitosan-CGNA and commercial chitosan were determined in this study. It is important to mention that the level of demineralization and deproteination determines the purity of chitosan, which affects its biological properties such as immunogenicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability [ 30 ]. According to Ssekatawa et al [ 30 ], chitosan with an ash content lower than 1% possesses superior biological properties and is recommended for biomedical applications.…”

“…It is important to mention that the level of demineralization and deproteination determines the purity of chitosan, which affects its biological properties such as immunogenicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability [ 30 ]. According to Ssekatawa et al [ 30 ], chitosan with an ash content lower than 1% possesses superior biological properties and is recommended for biomedical applications. The chitosan obtained in this study presented an ash content of 0.11% and this value is fit for medical applications.…”