Isolation and characterization of five fibrin(ogen)olytic enzymes from the venom of Philodryas olfersii (green snake)

Assakura, Marina T.; Reichl, Antonia P.; Mandelbaum, Fajga R.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90007-8

Cited by 57 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Bites from these species cause consumptive coagulopathy and haemorrhagic diathesis, complicated in some cases by acute kidney injury, and are designated “Hazard Level 1” [53]. Fibrin(ogen)olytic serine proteases have isolated from the venom of Philodryas olfersii [75]. D. typus venom serine proteinases exhibit 75–78% amino acid sequence identity with a number of proteolytic enzymes from colubroid ( P. olfersii Q09GK1 [76]) and elapid venoms, including the fibrin(ogen)olytic enzymes Q5MCS0 ( Hydrophis hardwickii ) [77] and A8QL56 ( Ophiophagus hannah ) [78].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What killed Karl Patterson Schmidt? Combined venom gland transcriptomic, venomic and antivenomic analysis of the South African green tree snake (the boomslang), Dispholidus typus

Plá

Sanz

Whiteley

et al. 2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects

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BackgroundNon-front-fanged colubroid snakes comprise about two-thirds of extant ophidian species. The medical significance of the majority of these snakes is unknown, but at least five species have caused life-threatening or fatal human envenomings. However, the venoms of only a small number of species have been explored.MethodsA combined venomic and venom gland transcriptomic approach was employed to characterise of venom of Dispholidus typus (boomslang), the snake that caused the tragic death of Professor Karl Patterson Schmidt. The ability of CroFab™ antivenom to immunocapture boomslang venom proteins was investigated using antivenomics.ResultsTranscriptomic-assisted proteomic analysis identified venom proteins belonging to seven protein families: three-finger toxin (3FTx); phospholipase A2 (PLA2); cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP); snake venom (SV) serine proteinase (SP); C-type lectin-like (CTL); SV metalloproteinases (SVMPs); and disintegrin-like/cysteine-rich (DC) proteolytic fragments. CroFab™ antivenom efficiently immunodepleted some boomslang SVMPs.ConclusionsThe present work is the first to address the overall proteomic profile of D. typus venom. This study allowed us to correlate the toxin composition with the toxic activities of the venom. The antivenomic analysis suggested that the antivenom available at the time of the unfortunate accident could have exhibited at least some immunoreactivity against the boomslang SVMPs responsible for the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome that caused K.P. Schmidt's fatal outcome.General significanceThis study may stimulate further research on other non-front-fanged colubroid snake venoms capable of causing life-threatening envenomings to humans, which in turn should contribute to prevent fatal human accidents, such as that unfortunately suffered by K.P. Schmidt.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What killed Karl Patterson Schmidt? Combined venom gland transcriptomic, venomic and antivenomic analysis of the South African green tree snake (the boomslang), Dispholidus typus

Plá

Sanz

Whiteley

et al. 2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects

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“…The nature of this and other components from the venom of colubrids that cause similar effects remain unknown. Assakura et al 4 described a partially purified (HPLC) Philodryas olfersii venom haemorrhagic enzyme producing large haemorrhagic areas.…”

Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental ophitoxemia produced by the opisthoglyphous lora snake (Philodryas olfersii) venom

Rodrı́guez-Acosta

Lemoine

Navarrete

et al. 2006

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Several colubrid snakes produce venomous oral secretions. In this work, the venom collected from Venezuelan opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged) Philodryas olfersii snake was studied. Different proteins were present in its venom and they were characterized by 20% SDS-PAGE protein electrophoresis. The secretion exhibited proteolytic (gelatinase) activity, which was partially purified on a chromatography ionic exchange mono Q2 column. Additionally, the haemorrhagic activity of Philodryas olfersii venom on chicken embryos, mouse skin and peritoneum was demonstrated. Neurotoxic symptoms were demonstrated in mice inoculated with Philodryas olfersii venom. In conclusion, Philodryas olfersii venom showed proteolytic, haemorrhagic, and neurotoxic activities, thus increasing the interest in the high toxic action of Philodryas venom. Key-words: Colubridae. Haemorrhage. Neurotoxic. Philodryas olfersii. Proteolytic activity. Venom. RESUMOVárias serpentes da família Colubridae produzem secreções orais venenosas. Neste trabalho, foi estudado o veneno coletado da presa posterior da serpente opistóglifa venezuelana Philodryas olfersii. Deferentes proteínas estavam presentes no veneno, sendo caracterizadas pela eletroforese de proteínas (SDS-PAGE) a 20%. A secreção mostrou atividade proteolítica (gelatinase) a qual foi parcialmente purificada em uma coluna de intercâmbio iônico (mono Q2). Adicionalmente, a atividade hemorrágica do veneno de Philodryas olfersii foi demonstrada em embriões de galinha, pele e peritônio de rato. Os sintomas neurológicos foram demonstrados em camundongos inoculados com veneno de Philodryas olfersii. Em conclusão, o veneno da Philodryas olfersii mostrou atividade proteolítica, hemorrágica, e neurotóxica, assim aumentando o interesse na elevada ação tóxica do veneno da Philodryas olfersii. Palavras-chaves: Colubridae. Hemorragia. Neurotoxinas. Philodryas olfersii. Atividade proteolítica. Veneno.

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“…Scannone et al (1978) described proteinase activities associated with peak III from Sephadex G-100 filtration and have indicated that this action was from four to ten times higher than that obtained from Crotalus durissus cumanensis crude venom. Several authors, in other snake venom studies, have related the proteolytic activity and haemorrhages (Assakura et al, 1994). However, Huang and Perez (1980) denied such a relationship because they found neutralization, using sera of warm-blooded animals, of the haemorrhagic activity without neutralized proteolytic activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Two diameters were achieved for the spot of haemorrhage by measuring the longest diameter of the spot and the diameter perpendicular to the first measurement. A minimal haemorrhagic dose (MHD) was taken as the end point and defined as that concentration of venom resulting in a 10 mm 2 haemorrhagic spot (Assakura et al, 1994). Bothrops lanceolatus venom (50 ml of 0.3 mg kg À1 of mouse weight) and saline solution were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.…”

Section: Haemorrhagic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemorrhagic activity of Neotropical rattlesnake (Crotalus vegrandis Klauber, 1941) venom

et al. 1998

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In this work we have demonstrated for the first time in any Venezuelan Crotalus, haemorrhagic activities that are present in the Neotropical Uracoan rattlesnake (Crotalus vegrandis) venom. This venom has been little studied, perhaps because the snake is restricted to a small habitat located in the dry savannahs of northeastern Venezuela. In our experiments Crotalus vegrandis venom caused a very evident haemorrhagic area consisting of approximately 2/3 diameter of the area caused by a positive control Bothrops lanceolatus venom. Crotalus vegrandis venom affects blood coagulation and causes intense haemorrhages. It does not clot fibrinogen, therefore it has neither thrombin‐like activity which transforms fibrinogen to fibrin nor procoagulant enzymatic function which produces thrombin. On the other hand, it degrades fibrinogen making it incoagulable to thrombin. The venom, when injected in the animals, resulted in a high increase of the Partial Time of Thromboplastin (PTT) tests. It is interesting to observe that the haemorrhagic capacity in the Crotalus genus (widely distributed in the American continent) increases from south to the north, being present in North American Crotalus, a venom with wide haemorrhagic activities, and almost non‐existent in most of the South American Crotalus species and subspecies. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Isolation and characterization of five fibrin(ogen)olytic enzymes from the venom of Philodryas olfersii (green snake)

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

What killed Karl Patterson Schmidt? Combined venom gland transcriptomic, venomic and antivenomic analysis of the South African green tree snake (the boomslang), Dispholidus typus

What killed Karl Patterson Schmidt? Combined venom gland transcriptomic, venomic and antivenomic analysis of the South African green tree snake (the boomslang), Dispholidus typus

Experimental ophitoxemia produced by the opisthoglyphous lora snake (Philodryas olfersii) venom

Haemorrhagic activity of Neotropical rattlesnake (Crotalus vegrandis Klauber, 1941) venom

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