Isolation and characterization of sarcomeric actin genes expressed in Xenopus laevis embryos

Stutz, Françoise; Spohr, Georges

doi:10.1016/0022-2836(86)90438-9

Cited by 108 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, analysis of molecular markers suggested that muscle tissue still developed in the XFD-AC-grafted embryos. As shown in Figure 5C, expression of NCAM and posterior neural makers Krox20 and HoxB9 (but not anterior neural markers Otx2 and En2) was attenuated by XFD in both AC-grafted and nongrafted embryos, whereas expression of the dorsal marker muscle actin (Stutz and Spohr, 1986) and the posterior mesodermal marker chordin that is expressed exclusively in the posterior notochord and tailbud hinge (Sasai et al, 1994) was inhibited only in XFD-injected embryos but not in XFD-AC-grafted embryos. This implies that a graft of the XFD …”

Section: Fgf Signaling Is Required For Posteriorization Of the Cns Inmentioning

confidence: 87%

Studies on the Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Neurogenesis Using Conjugated/Aged Animal Caps and Dorsal Ectoderm-Grafted Embryos

Kim

Taira

et al. 1997

J. Neurosci.

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Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to induce neural fate in dissociated animal cap (AC) cells or in AC explants cultured in low calcium and magnesium concentrations. However, long-term disclosure of the cap may cause diffusion of the secreted molecule bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4), a neural inhibitor present in the AC. This may contribute to the subsequent neurogenesis induced by bFGF. Here we used conjugated and aged blastula AC to avoid diffusion of endogenous molecules from the AC. Unlike noggin, bFGF failed to induce neural tissue in this system. However, it enhanced neuralization elicited by a dominant negative BMP receptor (DN-BR) that inhibits the BMP-4 signaling. Posterior neural markers were turned on by bFGF in AC expressing DN-BR or chordin. Blocking the endogenous FGF signal with a dominant negative FGF receptor (XFD) mainly inhibited development of posterior neural tissue in neuralized ACs. These in vitro studies were confirmed in vivo in embryos grafted with XFD-expressing ACs in the place of neuroectoderm. Expression of some regional neural markers was inhibited, although markers for muscle and posterior notochord were still detectable in the grafted embryos, suggesting that XFD specifically affected neurogenesis but not the dorsal mesoderm. The use of these in vitro and in vivo model systems provides new evidence that FGF, although unable to initiate neurogenesis on its own, is required for neural induction as well as for posteriorization.

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Section: Fgf Signaling Is Required For Posteriorization Of the Cns Inmentioning

confidence: 87%

Studies on the Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Neurogenesis Using Conjugated/Aged Animal Caps and Dorsal Ectoderm-Grafted Embryos

Kim

Taira

et al. 1997

J. Neurosci.

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“…The following primers were used: N-CAM and en-2 primers (Hemmati- Brivanlou and Melton, 1994), EF-1α primers (Gammill and Sive, 1997), otx2 primers (Pannese et al, 1995), actin primers (Stutz and Spohr, 1986), wnt1 primers (forward: 5'-ATCGGGACTGTATTGCCAAG-3' reverse: 5'-ACCATTTGCCGCTGTTATTC-3') wnt3a primers (forward: 5'-CTGGGGAAGGCTGGAAGTG-3' reverse: 5'-TTGGGGGAGCTCTCATAGTAAATC-3') wnt4 primers (forward: 5'-GAGTCGCCTTTTCCCAGTCAT-3' reverse: 5'-GTAGCCCCATCAAATTTCTCCTTA-3') wnt5a primers (forward: 5'-CCCCGGGACTGGCTATGG-3' reverse: 5'-CGGGCTGGGGTCGATGTAAAC-3') wnt5c primers (forward: 5'-CCGCGGAGAGGAGCAACAT-3' reverse: 5'-CACCCCGGCGGAACTGATAGC-3') wnt7b primers (forward: 5'-ATGAAACTGGAGTGCAAATGTC-3' reverse: 5'-GCTGTCCTCCTCACAGTAGTTG-3') wnt8 primers (forward: 5'-AGATGACGGCATTCCAGA-3' reverse: 5'-TCTCCCGATATCTCAGGA-3') wnt8b primers (forward: 5'-CCGGACGAAAGGCAGTAAAGAG-3' reverse: 5'-TAACGGCTAAACCACAGTCACCAC-3') wnt11 primers (forward: 5'-CATTGCGCGTGCCTGTGC-3' reverse: 5'-GAGTGCCGGTCTGTCTGTGGATG-3').…”

Section: Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The zic1 gene is an activator of Wnt signaling

Merzdorf¹,

Sive²

2006

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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The zic1 gene plays an important role in early patterning of the Xenopus neurectoderm. While Zic1 does not act as a neural inducer, it synergizes with the neural inducing factor Noggin to activate expression of posterior neural genes, including the midbrain/hindbrain boundary marker engrailed-2. Since the Drosophila homologue of zic1, odd-paired (opa), regulates expression of the wingless and engrailed genes and since Wnt proteins posteriorize neural tissue in Xenopus, we asked whether Xenopus Zic1 acted through the Wnt pathway. Using Wnt signaling inhibitors, we demonstrate that an active Wnt pathway is required for activation of en-2 expression by zic1. Consistent with this result, Zic1 induces expression of several wnt genes, including wnt1, wnt4 and wnt8b. wnt1 gene expression activates expression of engrailed in various organisms, including Xenopus, as demonstrated here. Together, our data suggest that zic1 is an upstream regulator of several wnt genes and that the regulatory relationships between opa, wingless and engrailed seen in Drosophila are also present in vertebrates.

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“…The linear range for each primer was empirically determined (25 cycles for MA and ODC, 30 cycles for MyoD, XNot, Vent1 and MHC), and the lack of DNA contamination was confirmed by RT-reactions. Primers used were MHC , MA (Stutz and Spohr, 1986), MyoD (Hopwood et al, 1989), ODC (Agius et al, 2000), XNot (Gont et al, 1993) and Vent1 (Gawantka et al, 1995).…”

Section: Rna Isolation and Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of the cell cycle is required for convergent extension of the paraxial mesoderm during Xenopus neurulation

Leise

Mueller

2004

Development

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Coordination of morphogenesis and cell proliferation is essential during development. In Xenopus, cell divisions are rapid and synchronous early in development but then slow and become spatially restricted during gastrulation and neurulation. One tissue that transiently stops dividing is the paraxial mesoderm, a dynamically mobile tissue that forms the somites and body musculature of the embryo. We have found that cessation of cell proliferation is required for the proper positioning and segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm as well as the complete elongation of the Xenopusembryo. Instrumental in this cell cycle arrest is Wee2, a Cdk inhibitory kinase that is expressed in the paraxial mesoderm from mid-gastrula stages onwards. Morpholino-mediated depletion of Wee2 increases the mitotic index of the paraxial mesoderm and this results in the failure of convergent extension and somitogenesis in this tissue. Similar defects are observed if the cell cycle is inappropriately advanced by other mechanisms. Thus, the low mitotic index of the paraxial mesoderm plays an essential function in the integrated cell movements and patterning of this tissue.

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Isolation and characterization of sarcomeric actin genes expressed in Xenopus laevis embryos

Cited by 108 publications

References 47 publications

Studies on the Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Neurogenesis Using Conjugated/Aged Animal Caps and Dorsal Ectoderm-Grafted Embryos

Studies on the Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Neurogenesis Using Conjugated/Aged Animal Caps and Dorsal Ectoderm-Grafted Embryos

The zic1 gene is an activator of Wnt signaling

Inhibition of the cell cycle is required for convergent extension of the paraxial mesoderm during Xenopus neurulation

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