Isolation and genetic analysis of a novel triple-reassortant H1N1 influenza virus from a pig in China

Xu, Min; Huang, Yuan; Chen, Jing; Huang, Zhong; Zhang, Jianfei; Zhu, Yimin; Xie, Shouyu; Chen, Qin-Ling; Wei, Wen-Kang; De-sheng, Yang; Huang, Xiaojian; Huang, Xuan; Xiang, Hua

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.07.012

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Natural reassortment events in pigs between Eurasian avian-like H1 and North American triple reassortant SIVs have been reported since the 2009 pandemic, and at least 8 genotypes of reassortants with different genetic constellations have been detected (18–20, 30), but no progenitor of the 2009 pH1N1 virus was found. Most of these reassortants appeared transiently in pigs, and only one reassortant has persisted in swine since 2007, which has the NS gene from the Eurasian avian-like H1 virus and the remaining 7 genes from North American triple reassortant SIV (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

North American Triple Reassortant and Eurasian H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses Do Not Readily Reassort to Generate a 2009 Pandemic H1N1-Like Virus

Liu

Qiao

et al. 2014

mBio

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The 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (pH1N1) was derived through reassortment of North American triple reassortant and Eurasian avian-like swine influenza viruses (SIVs). To date, when, how and where the pH1N1 arose is not understood. To investigate viral reassortment, we coinfected cell cultures and a group of pigs with or without preexisting immunity with a Eurasian H1N1 virus, A/Swine/Spain/53207/2004 (SP04), and a North American triple reassortant H1N1 virus, A/Swine/Kansas/77778/2007 (KS07). The infected pigs were cohoused with one or two groups of contact animals to investigate viral transmission. In coinfected MDCK or PK15 continuous cell lines with KS07 and SP04 viruses, more than 20 different reassortant viruses were found. In pigs without or with preexisting immunity (immunized with commercial inactivated swine influenza vaccines) and coinfected with both viruses, six or seven reassortant viruses, as well as the parental viruses, were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from the lungs. Interestingly, only one or two viruses transmitted to and were detected in contact animals. No reassortant containing a gene constellation similar to that of pH1N1 virus was found in either coinfected cells or pigs, indicating that the reassortment event that resulted in the generation of this virus is a rare event that likely involved specific viral strains and/or a favorable, not-yet-understood environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

North American Triple Reassortant and Eurasian H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses Do Not Readily Reassort to Generate a 2009 Pandemic H1N1-Like Virus

Liu

Qiao

et al. 2014

mBio

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“…Influenza A virus transmission between humans and swine often results in the emergence of new strains with the potential of spreading among both populations (Myers et al. 2007, Yassine et al 2009, Xu et al 2011, Yu et al 2011). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A virus infection of healthy piglets in an abattoir in Brazil: animal-human interface and risk for interspecies transmission

Amorim

Fornells

Reis

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Asymptomatic influenza virus infections in pigs are frequent and the lack of measures for controlling viral spread facilitates the circulation of different virus strains between pigs. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the circulation of influenza A virus strains among asymptomatic piglets in an abattoir in Brazil and discuss the potential public health impacts. Tracheal samples (n = 330) were collected from asymptomatic animals by a veterinarian that also performed visual lung tissue examinations. No slaughtered animals presented with any noticeable macroscopic signs of influenza infection following examination of lung tissues. Samples were then analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction that resulted in the identification of 30 (9%) influenza A positive samples. The presence of asymptomatic pig infections suggested that these animals could facilitate virus dissemination and act as a source of infection for the herd, thereby enabling the emergence of influenza outbreaks associated with significant economic losses. Furthermore, the continuous exposure of the farm and abattoir workers to the virus increases the risk for interspecies transmission. Monitoring measures of swine influenza virus infections and vaccination and monitoring of employees for influenza infection should also be considered. In addition regulatory agencies should consider the public health ramifications regarding the potential zoonotic viral transmission between humans and pigs.

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“…Most of the gene segments of the 2009 S-OIV emerged from the triple-reassortant viruses (i.e., subtype H1N1), whereas NA (lineage 1F) and MP (lineage F) were derived from a Eurasian avian-like swine virus (i.e., subtype H1N1). This is an entirely new genotype that has not been previously observed, although a very similar genotype, [C, D, E, 1C, A, 1F, F, 1A], was found in a swine virus isolated in China in Jan, 2010 (see Table 2) [35]. The latter was also reassorted from triple-reassortant swine viruses isolated in China in 2006 and Eurasian avian-like swine viruses in China, where the avian-like swine viruses provided HA (lineage 1C), NA (lineage 1F) and MP (lineage F).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Detecting transmission and reassortment events for influenza A viruses with genotype profile method

Chen

Ying

Yuan

2011

Virol J

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Evolutionary events of transmission and reassortment for influenza A viruses were traditionally detected by phylogenetic analysis for influenza viruses' eight gene segments. Because the phylogenetic analysis can be complex, we developed genotype profile method which packaged the phylogenetic algorithms to analyze combination patterns of gene segments and integrated epidemiology knowledge. With the method, the analysis of reassortment and transmission becomes a simple and reliable process that combines genotypes, which is identical for the biological process of the virus. An application called IVEE that implements the method is available for all academic users to apply the method http://snptransformer.sourceforge.net. Furthermore, we found that a previous summary of the reassortment events in swine influenza A viruses may be inaccurate.

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Isolation and genetic analysis of a novel triple-reassortant H1N1 influenza virus from a pig in China

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

North American Triple Reassortant and Eurasian H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses Do Not Readily Reassort to Generate a 2009 Pandemic H1N1-Like Virus

North American Triple Reassortant and Eurasian H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses Do Not Readily Reassort to Generate a 2009 Pandemic H1N1-Like Virus

Influenza A virus infection of healthy piglets in an abattoir in Brazil: animal-human interface and risk for interspecies transmission

Detecting transmission and reassortment events for influenza A viruses with genotype profile method

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