Isolation and in vitro cultivation of Trypanosoma evansi Thai strains

Kamyingkird, Ketsarin; Chalermwong, Piangjai; Inpankaew, Tawin; Ngasaman, Ruttayaporn; Tattiyapong, Muncharee; Tiwananthakorn, Saruda; Chimnoi, Wissanuwat; Choocherd, Suchada; Kengradomkij, Chanya; Klinkaew, Nutsuda; Desquesnes, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108289

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In a recent work, Kamyingkird et al, reported a special role for blood monocytes in the interaction with T. evansi. The study identified a vesicle-like form of T. evansi in monocytes from horses with a Surra outbreak [40]. This indicates the potential of monocytes to bind and interact with T. evansi, as shown in Figure 7 prepared from the same study (unpublished data with permission from Dr. Kamyingkird and Dr. Marc Desquesnes).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

A Flow Cytometry Study of the Binding and Stimulation Potential of Inactivated Trypanosoma evansi toward Dromedary Camel Leukocytes

Hussen,

AL-Jabr,

Alkuwayti

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Surra, a wasting disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is one of the major animal health burdens in camel-rearing countries, imposing significant economic losses due to reduced fertility and high mortality rates. The present study used inactivated T. evansi (from the Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomes/Trypanosoma evansi; CATT/T. evansi) and flow cytometry to investigate their binding and activation potential toward camel leukocyte subsets. Labeling T. evansi with propidium iodide (PI) enabled their flow cytometric enumeration and identification with forward scatter (FSC; indicative for cell size) and side scatter (SSC; indicative for cell internal complexity) characteristics that are comparable with values reported for Trypanosoma cruzi. The incubation of PI-labeled non-opsonized T. evansi with camel leukocyte populations revealed that camel monocytes have the highest potential to bind T. evansi, followed by granulocytes and lymphocytes. The identification of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on camel immune cells and the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in T. evansi that are responsible for this different binding capacity requires further studies. Stimulation of camel neutrophils with Trypanosoma evansi induced shape change, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET)-formation. To ensure that T. evansi, in the parasite concentration used in this study, is not apoptotic or necrotic to camel leukocytes, we evaluated cell apoptosis and necrosis after stimulation with T. evansi. The results revealed no impact of T. evansi stimulation for 2 h on the cell viability of camel leukocytes. Subsequent work may focus on the diagnostic employment of labeled T. evansi and flow cytometry for the detection of anti-Trypanosoma antibodies in camel serum. In addition, more efforts should be deployed to investigate the host–pathogen interaction mechanisms and the escape mechanisms of T. evansi in camels. To complete these data, further studies using the living or freshly killed parasites could also be implemented in camels and/or horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

A Flow Cytometry Study of the Binding and Stimulation Potential of Inactivated Trypanosoma evansi toward Dromedary Camel Leukocytes

Hussen,

AL-Jabr,

Alkuwayti

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…Live trypomastigotes were detected in the infected mice blood from day one pi. Estimated parasitemia from four infected mice was gradually increased and reached 1 × 10 9 trypomastigotes/mL from 17, 24, 26, and 27 DPI, with a fluctuating pattern (Figure-1) [13]. The survival rate of mice infected with the T. evansi TEDC 953 strain falls between 11 and strain.…”

Section: Parasitemia and Virulence Of Tedc 953 Strain In Micementioning

confidence: 95%

“…This in vitro-cultivated parasite can be useful for antigen production and further studies. The in vitro-cultivated pathogen has been known to reduce its virulence and pathogenicity in vivo after long being used in the laboratory [13]. Unlike the other studies, an in vitro-adapted for 100 days strain of the T. evansi Thai strain, namely, the "TEDC 953 strain," was used to clarify the pathogenicity in vivo in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathology and virulence of an in vitro-adapted Trypanosoma evansi TEDC 953 strain (Thailand isolate) in mice

Phongphaew,

Wongsali,

Boonyakong

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Trypanosoma evansi is a blood and tissue protozoan parasite affecting domestic and wild animals. The T. evansi Thai strain, namely, T. evansi from dairy cattle number 953 (TEDC 953) strain, has been successfully isolated from dairy cattle and cultivated in vitro. The in vitro-cultivated parasite is useful for biological studies, evaluation of novel chemotherapeutic agents, and production of antigens for diagnostic tests. This study aimed to observe the histopathology and virulence of an in vitro-adapted T. evansi TEDC 953 strain in vivo. Materials and Methods: The histopathology and virulence of the TEDC 953 strain were clarified in mice. Six mice were infected with 1 × 105 trypomastigotes of TEDC 953 strain intraperitoneally, and four mice were in the negative control. Parasitemia was monitored daily, and the mice were euthanized on 30 days post-infection (DPI). Internal organs were collected for histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Histopathological lesions were found in the liver, lung, heart, kidney, spleen, and brain of the inoculated mice. The main histopathological feature was lymphoplasmacytic inflammation in parenchyma and perivascular areas of multiple organs, and the severity of histopathological changes was related to the presence of trypomastigotes in the regional vessels. Granulomatous inflammation was seen in meninges, pleura, renal capsule, renal pelvis, and spleen of some infected mice. Four mice died at 17, 24, 26, and 27 DPI with an average parasitemia of 4.05 × 1011 trypomastigotes/mL. The average survival time was 23.5 DPI (mice = 4). Conclusion: This study confirmed that the TEDC 953 strain is infectious and pathogenic in mice after the continuously cultivated in vitro. To replace the use of experimental animals, the in vitro-cultivated parasite can be used instead in further studies. Keywords: experimentally infected mice, histopathology, in vitro, in vivo, Trypanosoma evansi Thai strain, virulence.

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Animal Trypanosomiasis: Challenges and Prospects for New Vaccination Strategies

Pereira,

Alves,

Teixeira

2024

Microorganisms

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Animal trypanosomiasis, such as nagana, surra, and dourine, represent a significant challenge to animal health and economic development, especially in tropical and subtropical regions where livestock production is an essential component of a country’s economy. Despite advances in the control of human trypanosomiasis, animal diseases caused by several species of trypanosomes remain neglected. The lack of funding for the development of new treatments and vaccines contributes to sustaining the severe economic impacts these diseases have on the farming industry, especially in low-income rural areas. Recent advances in the understanding of the immune processes involved during infection have been essential for the development of new approaches towards disease control including vaccines. These new approaches must be part of integrated control programs, which must also include vector management and the awareness of good veterinary practices. Addressing the challenges posed by the control of animal trypanosomiasis requires collaborative and continuous efforts shared among scientists, governments, and the farming industry, if significant progress is to be made to mitigate the impact of these diseases. In this literature review, we discuss the main challenges for the development of vaccines for animal trypanosomiasis and the research underway, including the prospects for employing new vaccine platforms, such as an mRNA vaccine, vector-based vaccine, and CRISPR-attenuated parasite vaccine.

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Isolation and in vitro cultivation of Trypanosoma evansi Thai strains

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

A Flow Cytometry Study of the Binding and Stimulation Potential of Inactivated Trypanosoma evansi toward Dromedary Camel Leukocytes

A Flow Cytometry Study of the Binding and Stimulation Potential of Inactivated Trypanosoma evansi toward Dromedary Camel Leukocytes

Histopathology and virulence of an in vitro-adapted Trypanosoma evansi TEDC 953 strain (Thailand isolate) in mice

Animal Trypanosomiasis: Challenges and Prospects for New Vaccination Strategies

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