Isolation, Characterization, and Determination of Antioxidative Activity of Oligomeric Procyanidins from the Seedpod of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.

Abstract

The procyanidins of nonedible parts of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) were determined for the first time. The procyanidins of lotus seedpod were extracted with Me(2)CO/H(2)O and purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, with a purity of >98%. ESI-MS analysis showed that the main molecular weight distribution of procyanidins ranged from 291 to 1155, with M + H peak values of 291.1, 579.2, 731.2, 867.2, 1019.4, and 1155.3, respectively. This indicates that the extract contains monomers, dimers, and tetramers of procyanidins, in which the amounts of dimers are greatest, and catechin and epicatechin are the base units. (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectra confirmed that two to four monomers are linked through C(4)-C(8) (or C(6)) bonds. The effects of the procyanidins on lipid autoxidation, lipoxygenase activities, and free radical scavenging were also studied. The results showed that 0.1% procyanidins have a strong antioxidant activity in a soybean oil system, better than BHT at the same concentration; inhibited lipoxygenase activity by >90% at a concentration of 62.5 mug/mL, with an IC(50) value of 21.6 mug/mL; and had IC(50) inhibitory values rate to (*)OH of 10.5 mg/L and a scavenging effect on O(2)(*)(-) of 17.6 mg/L.

Anticancer activities of alkaloids extracted from the Ba lotus seed in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cells

“…The seed of Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn), also known as the lotus, is traditionally used in Chinese folk medicine. A number of previous studies have reported that the lotus seed exhibits numerous health benefits and pharmacological effects, such as anti-ischemic (11), antioxidant (12)(13)(14), hepatoprotective (12), antiproliferative (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), anti-inflammatory (20), anti-infertility (21), anti-arrhythmic (22)(23)(24)(25)(26), antifibrotic (27) and antiviral (28) activities. In the present study, the anticancer activity of alkaloids extracted from the Ba lotus seed (BLSA), a new variety of Nelumbo nucifera, which only grows in Chongqing, a city located in the southwest of China, was investigated in human NPC CNE-1 cells.…”

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“…The roasted seeds are good coffee substitute and possess saponins, phenolics in appreciable quantities 41 . Seeds of N. nucifera consist of 10.5% moisture, 10.6-15.9% protein, 1.93-2.8% crude fat, 70-72.17% carbohydrate, 2.7% crude fibre, 3.9-4.5% ash and energy 348.45 cal/100 Minerals of lotus seeds consists of chromium (0.0042%), sodium (1%), potassium (28.5%), calcium (22.1%), magnesium (9.2%), copper (0.0463%), zinc (0.084%), manganese (0.356%) and iron (0.199%) 42,43 .…”

Discriminating the Geographical Origins of Chinese White Lotus Seeds by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

“…A set of 109 representative samples of the PDO Jianning-WLS were collected from the original producing area (Jianning, Fujian) and 120 non-PDO WLS objects were collected from five main producing areas, namely, Jiangsu (26), Hunan (25), Hubei (27), Jiangxi (20), and Zhejiang (22). All the samples were harvested in 2013 and were kept with intact packaging in a cool and dark place before NIR analysis.…”

“…It is widely cultivated in China, India, Thailand, South Korea, and Japan, as well as the US [14,15]. Recent researches have demonstrated that lotus seeds contain a variety of bioactive components (e.g., flavonoids, phospholipids, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, sugars, unsaturated fatty acids, and essential minerals) [16,17] and its extract displays significant antipyretic, cooling, astringent, antioxidant, and cytoprotective effects and demulcent properties [18][19][20]. In China, lotus seeds are a valuable functional food and are used for soups, congee, and many other dishes.…”